In recent decades, a substantial volume of work has examined the neural mechanisms of cognitive reappraisal. Distancing and reinterpretation are two frequently used tactics through which reappraisal can be implemented. Theoretical frameworks and prior evidence have suggested that the specific tactic through which one employs reappraisal entails differential neural and psychological mechanisms. Thus, we were motivated to assess the neural mechanisms of this distinction by examining the overlap and differentiation exhibited by the neural correlates of distancing (specifically via objective appraisal) and reinterpretation. We analyzed 32 published functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in healthy adults using multilevel kernel density analysis. Results showed that distancing relative to reinterpretation uniquely recruited right bilateral dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) and left posterior parietal cortex, previously associated with mentalizing, selective attention and working memory. Reinterpretation relative to distancing uniquely recruited left bilateral ventrolateral PFC (VLPFC), previously associated with response selection and inhibition. Further, distancing relative to reinterpretation was associated with greater prevalence of bilateral amygdala attenuation during reappraisal. Finally, a behavioral meta-analysis showed efficacy for both reappraisal tactics. These results are consistent with prior theoretical models for the functional neural architecture of reappraisal via distancing and reinterpretation and suggest potential future applications in region-of-interest specification and neural network analysis in studies focusing on specific reappraisal tactics.

中文翻译：

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拆解重新评估：对距离和重新解释的功能磁共振成像研究的系统回顾。

近几十年来，大量工作研究了认知重评的神经机制。疏远和重新解释是两种常用的策略，通过它们可以实施重新评估。理论框架和先前的证据表明，人们采用重新评估的具体策略需要不同的神经和心理机制。因此，我们有动力通过检查距离（特别是通过客观评估）和重新解释的神经相关性所表现出的重叠和分化来评估这种区别的神经机制。我们使用多级核密度分析对 32 项已发表的健康成人功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 研究进行了分析。结果表明，与重新解释相关的距离独特地招募了右侧双侧背外侧 PFC（DLPFC）和左侧后顶叶皮层，这些皮层以前与心智化、选择性注意力和工作记忆相关。重新解释相对于距离独特招募的左双侧腹外侧 PFC (VLPFC)，以前与反应选择和抑制相关。此外，与重新解释相关的距离与重新评估期间双侧杏仁核衰减的发生率较高有关。最后，行为荟萃分析显示了两种重新评估策略的有效性。这些结果与通过距离和重新解释进行重新评估的功能神经结构的先前理论模型一致，并表明未来在关注特定重新评估策略的研究中，兴趣区域规范和神经网络分析的潜在应用。