Purpose Patients with recurring kidney stone events can expect significant morbidity and functional impairment. Few studies have evaluated the effect of bilateral kidney stones on disease progression and quality of life. We wanted to determine the association of bilateral stone disease on age of onset, and the impact on number of stone events and individual kidney stone disease specific Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) by analysing the validated and prospectively collected Wisconsin Stone Quality of Life (WISQOL) database. Material and Methods We studied 2,906 stone patients from 16 centers in North America after having completed the WISQOL questionnaire from 2014 to 2019. Kidney stone formers were assessed if kidney stones were bilateral or unilateral on imaging. Analysis with a Chi-square test compared categorical variables. Bilateral kidney stone disease and its impact on HRQOL was evaluated through a multivariable linear regression model. Results Of 2,906 kidney stone formers, 1,340 had unilateral kidney stones and 1,566 had bilateral kidney stones. We observed more frequently that patients with bilateral stones had an increased number of depression/anxiety symptoms, renal tubular acidosis, and rheumatoid arthritis (all p<0.05). Patients with bilateral stones had a younger mean (SD) age of kidney stone disease onset (37.2±15.8 vs 46.4±15.9 years of age, p<0.001). Bilateral kidney stone formers had a higher mean (SD) number of stone events (11.3±21.8) than unilateral kidney stone formers (3.0±5.1) (p<0.001). Within our multivariable analysis, we found that HRQOL was negatively affected by the presence of bilateral stones for kidney stone patients (β=-11.2 (CI:-19.5 - -3.0) points, p<0.05). Conclusion Bilateral kidney stone formers had a younger age of kidney stone disease onset and a higher number of stone events compared to unilateral kidney stone disease formers. Presence of bilateral kidney stone disease negatively impacted HRQOL.

中文翻译：

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双侧结石病对患者疾病进展和健康相关生活质量的影响。

目的 反复发生肾结石事件的患者可能会出现显着的发病率和功能障碍。很少有研究评估双侧肾结石对疾病进展和生活质量的影响。我们希望通过分析经过验证和前瞻性收集的威斯康星州结石生活质量 (HRQOL)，确定双侧结石病与发病年龄的关系，以及对结石事件数量和个体肾结石疾病特定健康相关生活质量 (HRQOL) 的影响。 WISQOL）数据库。材料和方法 我们对 2014 年至 2019 年完成 WISQOL 问卷后来自北美 16 个中心的 2,906 名结石患者进行了研究。评估肾结石形成者的影像学表现是双侧还是单侧肾结石。卡方检验分析比较了分类变量。通过多变量线性回归模型评估双侧肾结石疾病及其对 HRQOL 的影响。结果 在 2,906 名肾结石形成者中，1,340 名患有单侧肾结石，1,566 名患有双侧肾结石。我们更频繁地观察到，双侧结石患者的抑郁/焦虑症状、肾小管性酸中毒和类风湿性关节炎数量增加（均 p<0.05）。双侧结石患者的肾结石发病平均 (SD) 年龄更年轻（37.2±15.8 岁 vs 46.4±15.9 岁，p<0.001）。双侧肾结石形成者的结石事件平均数 (SD) (11.3±21.8) 高于单侧肾结石形成者 (3.0±5.1) (p<0.001)。在我们的多变量分析中，我们发现肾结石患者的 HRQOL 因双侧结石的存在而受到负面影响 (β=-11.2 (CI:-19.5 - -3.0) 点，p<0.05）。结论 与单侧肾结石形成者相比，双侧肾结石形成者的肾结石发病年龄较小，结石事件数量较多。双侧肾结石疾病的存在对 HRQOL 产生负面影响。