Crop improvement can be affected by enhancing the efficiency of photosynthesis-associated bioprocesses such as chlorophyll biosynthesis, chloroplast biogenesis, the functioning of photosystems including light-harvesting complexes, and carbon fixation. To achieve this, the GOLDEN2-LIKE (GLK) transcription factors represent promising targets since they play a positive role for greening traits in diverse plants. To scrutinize the pleiotropic impact of GLKs, we summarized all phenotypic traits reported in functional studies that used transgenic approaches to lose or gain gene functions. Additionally, we also discussed altered plant phenotypes with respect to their physiological–biochemical aspects and environmental stress responses. From these results, we conclude that GLKs consistently increase chlorophyll biosynthesis, enhance chloroplast division, and increase photosynthetic rate. They individually influence other traits including yield, phytochemical accumulation, and biotic and abiotic stress resistance. Collectively, GLKs have potential as key regulators to effect increases in overall agricultural quality across plant species. This suggests that they may be among the most promising target genes for future agro-biotechnology applications.

中文翻译：

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GOLDEN2-LIKE转录因子对作物改良的多效性

作物改良可以通过提高光合作用相关生物过程的效率来影响，例如叶绿素生物合成、叶绿体生物发生、光系统功能（包括光捕获复合体）和碳固定。为了实现这一目标，GOLDEN2-LIKE (GLK) 转录因子代表了有希望的目标，因为它们对多种植物的绿化性状发挥着积极作用。为了仔细研究 GLK 的多效性影响，我们总结了使用转基因方法失去或获得基因功能的功能研究中报告的所有表型性状。此外，我们还讨论了植物表型在生理生化方面和环境胁迫反应方面的改变。从这些结果中，我们得出结论，GLK 持续增加叶绿素生物合成，增强叶绿体分裂，并提高光合作用速率。它们单独影响其他性状，包括产量、植物化学物质积累以及生物和非生物胁迫抗性。总的来说，GLK 有潜力作为关键调节剂，提高植物物种的整体农业质量。这表明它们可能是未来农业生物技术应用最有希望的靶基因之一。