The morbidity and mortality associated with Alzheimer disease (AD), one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, are increasing each year. Although both amyloid β and tau proteins are known to be involved in AD pathology, their detailed functions in the pathogenesis of the disease are not fully understood. There is increasing evidence that neuroinflammation contributes to the development and progression of AD, with astrocytes, microglia, and the cytokines and chemokines they secrete acting coordinately in these processes. Signaling involving chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) and its main receptor C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) plays an important role in normal physiologic processes as well as pathologic conditions such as neurodegeneration. In recent years, many studies have shown that the CCL5/CCR5 axis plays a major effect in the pathogenesis of AD, but there are also a few studies that contradict this. In short, the role of CCL5/CCR5 axis in the pathogenesis of AD is still intricate. This review summarizes the structure, distribution, physiologic functions of the CCL5/CCR5 axis, and the progress in understanding its involvement in the pathogenesis of AD.

中文翻译：

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CCL5/CCR5 轴在阿尔茨海默病中的复杂作用。

阿尔茨海默病（AD）是最常见的神经退行性疾病之一，其发病率和死亡率每年都在增加。尽管已知 β 淀粉样蛋白和 tau 蛋白都参与 AD 病理学，但它们在该疾病发病机制中的详细功能尚不完全清楚。越来越多的证据表明，神经炎症有助于 AD 的发生和进展，星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞及其分泌的细胞因子和趋化因子在这些过程中协调作用。涉及趋化因子（CC 基序）配体 5 (CCL5) 及其主要受体 CC 趋化因子受体 5 (CCR5) 的信号传导在正常生理过程以及神经退行性疾病等病理状况中发挥着重要作用。近年来，许多研究表明CCL5/CCR5轴在AD的发病机制中起重要作用，但也有少数研究与此相矛盾。总之，CCL5/CCR5轴在AD发病机制中的作用仍然错综复杂。本文综述了CCL5/CCR5轴的结构、分布、生理功能及其参与AD发病机制的研究进展。