Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is still an important public health problem, which justifies the research of new therapies to combat it. Recent studies show that Extracellular Traps (ETs) are cellular mechanisms useful in the capture and destruction of some viruses, such as the HIV. Here, we show that neutrophils from peripheral blood, genital tissues, and placenta are activated when exposed to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and release Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs). The NETs can capture, neutralize, and inactivate the virus and, also, protect other target cells from HIV infection, as long as the DNA and other constituents of the NETs remain intact. Further, the review indicates that the immunoprotective role of NETs in the context of HIV-1 infection is a promising finding for the development of new antiviral therapies. It is necessary, however, the development of studies that evaluate the tissue injury that NETs can cause and the biological relationships with other cells to improve them as therapeutic targets.

中文翻译：

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细胞外陷阱在 HIV 感染中的作用。

人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染仍然是一个重要的公共卫生问题，这证明了研究新疗法来对抗它的合理性。最近的研究表明，细胞外陷阱（ET）是一种细胞机制，可用于捕获和破坏某些病毒（例如 HIV）。在这里，我们发现，当暴露于 1 型人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV-1) 时，来自外周血、生殖组织和胎盘的中性粒细胞会被激活，并释放中性粒细胞胞外陷阱 (NET)。只要 NET 的 DNA 和其他成分保持完整，NET 就可以捕获、中和和灭活病毒，并且还可以保护其他靶细胞免受 HIV 感染。此外，该综述表明，NET 在 HIV-1 感染中的免疫保护作用对于开发新的抗病毒疗法来说是一个有希望的发现。然而，有必要开展研究来评估 NET 可能引起的组织损伤以及与其他细胞的生物学关系，以改善它们作为治疗靶点的能力。