IMPORTANCE Imaging has demonstrated capabilities in the diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs), but its utility for prognostic prediction has not been elucidated yet. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to build a radiomics model using preoperative computed tomography (CT) data that may help predict recurrence-free survival (RFS) or OS in patients with pNET. DESIGN We performed a retrospective observational study in a cohort of French patients with pNETs. PARTICIPANTS Patients with surgically resected pNET and available CT examinations were included. INTERVENTIONS Radiomics features of preoperative CT data were extracted using 3D-Slicer® software with manual segmentation. Discriminant features were selected with penalized regression using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method with training on the tumor Ki67 rate (≤2 or >2). Selected features were used to build a radiomics index ranging from 0 to 1. OUTCOME AND MEASURE A receiving operator curve was built to select an optimal cutoff value of the radiomics index to predict patient RFS and OS. Recurrence-free survival and OS were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS Thirty-seven patients (median age, 61 years; 20 men) with 37 pNETs (grade 1, 21/37 [57%]; grade 2, 12/37 [32%]; grade 3, 4/37 [11%]) were included. Patients with a radiomics index >0.4 had a shorter median RFS (36 months; range: 1-133) than those with a radiomics index ≤0.4 (84 months; range: 9-148; P = .013). No associations were found between the radiomics index and OS (P = .86).

中文翻译：

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用于预测胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤患者无病生存的术前计算机断层扫描放射组学模型。

重要性 影像学已证明具有诊断胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤 (pNET) 的能力，但其在预后预测方面的效用尚未阐明。目的 本研究的目的是利用术前计算机断层扫描 (CT) 数据建立放射组学模型，该模型可能有助于预测 pNET 患者的无复发生存期 (RFS) 或 OS。设计 我们对一组法国 pNET 患者进行了一项回顾性观察研究。参与者包括手术切除 pNET 并进行 CT 检查的患者。干预措施 使用 3D-Slicer® 软件通过手动分割提取术前 CT 数据的放射组学特征。使用最小绝对收缩和选择算子方法通过对肿瘤 Ki67 率（≤2 或 >2）进行训练的惩罚回归来选择判别特征。使用选定的特征来构建从 0 到 1 的放射组学指数。 结果和测量 构建接收算子曲线以选择放射组学指数的最佳截止值来预测患者 RFS 和 OS。使用 Kaplan-Meier 分析评估无复发生存率和 OS。结果 37 名患者（中位年龄 61 岁；20 名男性）患有 37 个 pNET（1 级，21/37 [57%]；2 级，12/37 [32%]；3 级，4/37 [11%] ]）包括在内。放射组学指数 > 0.4 的患者的中位 RFS（36 个月；范围：1-133）比放射组学指数 ≤ 0.4 的患者（84 个月；范围：9-148；P = .013）更短。未发现放射组学指数与 OS 之间存在关联 (P = .86)。