Since their emergence in the 1980s, environmental virtue ethics (EVEs) have aimed to provide an alternative to deontological and consequentialist approaches for guiding ecological actions in the context of the global environmental crisis. The deterioration of the ecological situation and the challenges in addressing collective action problems caused by global changes have heightened interest in these ethics. They offer a framework for meaningful individual actions independently of the commitment of other actors. However, by shifting the focus onto individuals, EVEs appear to grapple with the tension between anthropocentrism and respect for nature, as well as between self-flourishing and concern for other living beings. This article argues that this difficulty is rooted in the neglect within EVEs of the communitarian aspect of ancient virtue ethics. Drawing from Baird Callicott’s ecocentric approach and Val Plumwood’s works, this paper explores the possibility of conceiving ecological communities as collective frameworks in which both public and private virtues are defined and practiced.

中文翻译：

---

生态共同体：环境美德伦理的盲点

自 20 世纪 80 年代出现以来，环境美德伦理学 (EVE) 一直致力于为义务论和结果​​主义方法提供替代方案，以在全球环境危机的背景下指导生态行动。生态状况的恶化以及解决全球变化引起的集体行动问题的挑战提高了人们对这些伦理学的兴趣。它们为独立于其他参与者的承诺的有意义的个人行动提供了一个框架。然而，通过将焦点转移到个人身上，EVE 似乎正在努力解决人类中心主义和尊重自然之间的紧张关系，以及自我繁荣和对其他生物的关心之间的紧张关系。本文认为，这种困难的根源在于 EVE 忽视了古代美德伦理的社群主义方面。本文借鉴贝尔德·卡利科特（Baird Callicott）的生态中心方法和瓦尔·普拉姆伍德（Val Plumwood）的著作，探讨了将生态社区设想为集体框架的可能性，在集体框架中定义和实践公共和私人美德。