Type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1 cells) play an important role in the maintenance of the immune homeostasis in the body. The induction of Tr1 cell is to be further investigated. The interaction of phosphatidylserine (PS) with TIM3 has immune regulation functions. The objective of this study is to elucidate the role of PS-TIM3 signals in inducing Tr1 cells. In this study, mice were treated using PS or specific immunotherapy by nasal instillation. A murine model of allergic rhinitis was developed using ovalbumin as a specific antigen. We found that PS-containing nasal instillation induced Tr1 cells in the airway tissues. PS promoted gene activities associated with IL-10 through activation of TIM3 in CD4⁺ T cells. TIM3 mediated the effects of PS on inducing Tr1 cells, in which the TIM3- PI3K-AKT pathway played a critical role. PS boosted allergen-specific immunotherapy by inducing specific antigen Tr1 cell generation. Concomitant administration of PS and SIT resulted in better therapeutic effects on AR. In conclusion, the data demonstrate that PS can promote the specific immunotherapy for AR through inducing antigen specific Tr1 cells in the airway tissues.

1型调节性T细胞（Tr1细胞）在维持体内免疫稳态中发挥着重要作用。Tr1细胞的诱导有待进一步研究。磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）与TIM3的相互作用具有免疫调节功能。本研究的目的是阐明 PS-TIM3 信号在诱导 Tr1 细胞中的作用。在这项研究中，小鼠通过鼻腔滴注使用 PS 或特异性免疫疗法进行治疗。使用卵清蛋白作为特异性抗原开发了过敏性鼻炎的小鼠模型。我们发现含 PS 的鼻滴注可诱导气道组织中的 Tr1 细胞。^{PS 通过激活 CD4 +} T 细胞中的 TIM3 来促进与 IL-10 相关的基因活性。TIM3介导PS对Tr1细胞的诱导作用，其中TIM3-PI3K-AKT通路发挥了关键作用。PS 通过诱导特异性抗原 Tr1 细胞生成来增强过敏原特异性免疫治疗。PS 和 SIT 联合用药对 AR 具有更好的治疗效果。总之，数据表明PS可以通过诱导气道组织中抗原特异性Tr1细胞来促进AR的特异性免疫治疗。