OBJECTIVE Impairments in episodic future thinking and anticipatory pleasure were noted to explain the depressive symptoms in adults however similar studies are not there in adolescents. This study examined whether there are impairments in episodic future thinking and anticipatory pleasure in clinically-depressed adolescents as compared to non-depressed adolescents, and their association with depression when controlled for executive functions and anxiety symptoms among the depressed adolescents. METHODS The study included 29 adolescents with major depression and 29 adolescents from local schools through convenient sampling technique. All the participants were assessed with standardized measures of depression and anxiety, episodic future thinking, anticipatory pleasure and executive functioning. RESULTS Depressed adolescents significantly differed from the non-depressed adolescents in autobiographical memory specificity, anticipatory pleasure, and specific dimensions of executive functions. The ANCOVAs indicated executive function slightly attenuated group differences on future specificity which were still non-significant (all p's > .05). For memory specificity and for anticipatory pleasure, group differences were still significant at p < .05 level. CONCLUSION Adolescents with major depressive episode may display similar, but less pronounced, impairments in future thinking than what is previously reported in adults. Though, autobiographical specificity is prominent. The deficits are attributable to depression than executive functioning deficits.

中文翻译：

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患有重度抑郁症的青少年的未来思维和预期快乐：与抑郁症状和执行功能的关联。

目的 情景未来思维和预期快乐的受损可以解释成人的抑郁症状，但在青少年中却没有类似的研究。这项研究检验了与非抑郁青少年相比，临床抑郁青少年的情景未来思维和预期快乐是否存在障碍，以及在控制抑郁青少年的执行功能和焦虑症状时，它们与抑郁的关系。方法 该研究通过便利抽样技术，纳入了 29 名患有重度抑郁症的青少年和 29 名来自当地学校的青少年。所有参与者都接受了抑郁和焦虑、情景未来思维、预期愉悦和执行功能的标准化测量。结果 抑郁症青少年与非抑郁症青少年在自传体记忆特异性、预期快乐和执行功能的特定维度方面存在显着差异。ANCOVA 表明执行功能稍微减弱了未来特异性的组间差异，但仍不显着（所有 p > .05）。对于记忆特异性和预期快乐，组间差异在 p < .05 水平上仍然显着。结论 患有重度抑郁发作的青少年在未来思维方面可能会表现出与之前报道的成年人相似但不太明显的障碍。尽管如此，自传的特殊性是突出的。这些缺陷归因于抑郁症，而不是执行功能缺陷。