Melioidosis is a tropical infectious disease caused by the saprophytic gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Despite the infection being endemic in southeast Asia and northern Australia, the broad clinical presentations and diagnostic difficulties limit its early detection, particularly in children. Melioidosis more commonly affects the immunocompromised and adults. Melioidosis is increasingly being diagnosed around the world and whole-genome sequencing indicates that these cases are not linked with travel to endemic areas. Research has concentrated on the adult population with limited experience reported in the care of this uncommon, but potentially fatal condition in children presenting with bacteraemia and pneumonia.

类鼻疽是一种由腐生革兰氏阴性菌类鼻疽伯克霍尔德氏菌引起的热带传染病。尽管这种感染在东南亚和澳大利亚北部流行，但广泛的临床表现和诊断困难限制了其早期发现，特别是在儿童中。类鼻疽更常见地影响免疫功能低下者和成年人。世界各地越来越多地诊断类鼻疽，全基因组测序表明这些病例与前往流行地区无关。研究集中在成年人群上，据报道，在治疗这种罕见但可能致命的菌血症和肺炎儿童疾病方面，经验有限。