Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial endocrine disorder affecting reproductive-aged women worldwide. Although genetic and lifestyle factors have been implicated in its etiology, emerging evidence suggests that exposure to environmental pollutants may also contribute significantly to the development and pathophysiology of PCOS. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential role of emerging pollutants, including pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), microplastics, endocrine disruptors, and nanoparticles, in PCOS development. The article summarizes the current understanding of PCOS pathogenesis and its clinical manifestations. Subsequently, it delves into the mechanisms of action of the emerging pollutants, exploring how they may disrupt the endocrine system, interfere with hormonal regulation, and contribute to the manifestation of PCOS symptoms. Moreover, the potential for cumulative effects and synergistic interactions between these pollutants demands a cautious approach when considering their role in PCOS etiology.

多囊卵巢综合症（PCOS）是一种影响全球育龄妇女的多因素内分泌疾病。尽管遗传和生活方式因素与其病因有关，但新出现的证据表明，接触环境污染物也可能对多囊卵巢综合征的发生和病理生理学产生重大影响。本文旨在全面概述新兴污染物（包括药品和个人护理产品 (PPCP)、微塑料、内分泌干扰物和纳米颗粒）在 PCOS 发展中的潜在作用。本文总结了目前对PCOS发病机制及其临床表现的认识。随后，它深入研究了新兴污染物的作用机制，探索它们如何扰乱内分泌系统、干扰荷尔蒙调节以及导致多囊卵巢综合症症状的表现。此外，在考虑这些污染物在多囊卵巢综合征病因学中的作用时，考虑这些污染物之间潜在的累积效应和协同相互作用，需要采取谨慎的态度。