Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is closely related to the final infarct size in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Therefore, reducing MIRI can effectively improve the prognosis of AMI patients. At the same time, the healing process after AMI is closely related to the local inflammatory microenvironment. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) can regulate various physiological and pathological immune inflammatory responses and play an important role in regulating the immune inflammatory response after AMI. However, different subtypes of Tregs have different effects on MIRI, and the same subtype of Tregs may also have different effects at different stages of MIRI. This article systematically reviews the classification and function of Tregs, as well as the role of various subtypes of Tregs in MIRI. A comprehensive understanding of the role of each subtype of Tregs can help design effective methods to control immune reactions, reduce MIRI, and provide new potential therapeutic options for AMI.

心肌缺血再灌注损伤（MIRI）与急性心肌梗死（AMI）的最终梗死面积密切相关。因此，降低MIRI可以有效改善AMI患者的预后。同时，AMI后的愈合过程与局部炎症微环境密切相关。调节性T细胞（Treg）可以调节多种生理和病理性免疫炎症反应，在AMI后免疫炎症反应的调节中发挥重要作用。然而，不同亚型的Tregs对MIRI的影响不同，同一亚型的Tregs在MIRI的不同阶段也可能有不同的影响。本文系统综述了Tregs的分类和功能，以及Tregs各亚型在MIRI中的作用。全面了解Tregs各亚型的作用，有助于设计有效的方法来控制免疫反应、减少MIRI，并为AMI提供新的潜在治疗选择。