Abstract

This article presents the results of a comprehensive hydrochemical and hydrobiological study of 13 different types of lakes in Transbaikalia conducted in July 2022. Based on factor analysis of hydrochemical and hydrobiological indicators, the lakes were divided into three groups: 1) brackish soda; 2) chloride and sulfate, as well as one salty soda lake, Shvartsivskoe; and 3) brine soda. It has been established that the number of species of different groups of aquatic organisms decreases as the salinity level increases, regardless of the chemical type of water. It has been shown that the dominant composition of primary producers in lakes of different types differs. Two new species of macroalgae for Transbaikalia have been identified (Stigeoclonium flagelliferum Kütz. and Rhizoclonium riparium: (Roth.) Harv.). In the flora of aquatic plants of Baikal Siberia, after more than a 100-year hiatus, Ruppia maritima L is present. The zooplankton of lakes is dominated by halotolerant species. The dominant structure of zoobenthos in brine and salt lakes is dominated by Artemia crustaceans and Ephydridae flies. In deeper brackish lakes, Chironomidae mosquitoes are always the dominant species. Quantitative indicators of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities are characterized by an inverse relationship. With the massive development of cryptophyte algae in brine reservoirs, the abundance and biomass of zooplankton are minimal. No significant fluctuations in the biomass of zoobenthos and phytomass of aquatic plants were detected. In sulfate and chloride lakes, the trophic structure of heterotrophs is represented in zooplankton by a grazing chain, and in zoobenthos by detritivores.

中文翻译：

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外贝加尔湖苏打湖、氯化物湖和硫酸盐湖中水生生物的生物多样性

摘要

本文介绍了 2022 年 7 月对外贝加尔湖 13 个不同类型湖泊进行的综合水化学和水生生物研究的结果。根据水化学和水生生物指标的因子分析，将湖泊分为三类：1）苦咸苏打湖；2）氯化物和硫酸盐，以及一个咸苏打湖Shvartsivskoe；3）盐水苏打水。已经确定，无论水的化学类型如何，不同水生生物类群的物种数量都会随着盐度水平的增加而减少。研究表明，不同类型湖泊初级生产者的主要构成是不同的。跨贝加尔地区的两种新大型藻类已被鉴定（Stigeoclonium flagelliferum Kütz. 和Rhizoclium riparium : (Roth.) Harv.）。在贝加尔湖西伯利亚的水生植物区系中，经过100多年的中断之后，出现了Ruppia maritima L。湖泊浮游动物以耐盐物种为主。卤水湖和盐湖底栖动物的优势结构以卤虫甲壳类和麻蝇类为主。在较深的咸水湖泊中，摇蚊科蚊子始终是优势物种。浮游植物和浮游动物群落的数量指标具有反比关系。随着卤水库中隐藻类的大量发育，浮游动物的丰度和生物量微乎其微。底栖动物生物量和水生植物植物量未发现明显波动。在硫酸盐湖和氯化物湖中，异养生物的营养结构在浮游动物中由放牧链表示，在底栖动物中由食腐动物表示。