Abstract

The brown semi-desert soils of the Republic of Kalmykia are subject to high levels of oil pollution. To assess the ecological state of soils, it is necessary to analyze not only the residual oil content, but also the biological indicators of soils. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of bioremediation of the oil-contaminated brown semi-desert soil of the Republic using physicochemical and biological indicators. Biochar, nitroammophos, sodium humate, and Baikal EM-1 were added to oil-contaminated soil (5% of the soil mass). To assess the effectiveness of remediation of brown semi-desert soil after 30 days, the residual oil content, the activity of catalase and dehydrogenases, the number of bacteria, the length of the roots, and the germination of radish were studied. It has been established that the introduction of biochar and Baikal EM-1 reduces the residual oil content in brown semi-desert soil. Biochar and nitroammophos affect the contents of easily soluble salts, and Baikal EM-1, the redox potential. Sodium humate stimulates catalase activity (r = –0.48), shoot length (r = –0.54), roots (r = –0.54), and radish germination (r = –0.64). Nitroammophos stimulates the number of bacteria (r = –0.56), the activity of catalase (r = –0.63), and dehydrogenases (r = –0.84), but inhibits the length of radish shoots and roots (Raphanus sativus L.). The application of Baikal EM-1 stimulates the number of soil bacteria (r = –0.83), the activity of dehydrogenases (r = –0.89) and inhibits the length of roots, shoots and germination. It is advisable to use the results of the study in biomonitoring and diagnosing the state of oil-contaminated brown semi-desert soils of the Republic of Kalmykia.

中文翻译：

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卡尔梅克共和国石油污染棕色半荒漠土壤的生物修复效率水平（模型实验）

摘要

卡尔梅克共和国的棕色半沙漠土壤受到严重的石油污染。评估土壤的生态状态，不仅需要分析土壤的残油含量，还需要分析土壤的生物指标。这项工作的目的是利用物理化学和生物指标评估共和国受石油污染的棕色半沙漠土壤生物修复的有效性。将生物炭、硝基氨磷、腐植酸钠和贝加尔湖 EM-1 添加到石油污染的土壤中（土壤质量的 5%）。为了评估棕色半荒漠土壤修复30天后的效果，研究了残余油含量、过氧化氢酶和脱氢酶的活性、细菌数量、根的长度和萝卜的发芽情况。已经确定，生物炭和Baikal EM-1的引入降低了棕色半荒漠土壤中的残余油含量。生物炭和硝基氨磷会影响易溶盐的含量，以及贝加尔湖 EM-1 的氧化还原电位。腐植酸钠可刺激过氧化氢酶活性 ( r = –0.48)、芽长 ( r = –0.54)、根 ( r = –0.54) 和萝卜发芽 ( r = –0.64)。硝基氨磷会刺激细菌数量 ( r = –0.56)、过氧化氢酶 ( r = –0.63) 和脱氢酶 ( r = –0.84)的活性，但会抑制萝卜芽和根 ( Raphanus sativus L.)的长度。施用Baikal EM-1可刺激土壤细菌数量（r = –0.83）和脱氢酶活性（r = –0.89），并抑制根、芽和发芽的长度。建议将研究结果用于生物监测和诊断卡尔梅克共和国受石油污染的棕色半沙漠土壤的状况。