Abstract

The characteristics of soils of the Kalmyk Republic is given by the example of the Priyutnensk district. Parameters of fertility, the organic matter content, medium reaction in water extract (pH), salt composition, and alkalinity, of soils of five settlements in Priyutnensk district of Kalmykia are studied. We have determined the content of organic carbon (C_org) by the method by I.V. Tyurin (1965) modified by V.N. Simakov (GOST…, 1993), the pH of soils by the potentiometric method (GOST…, 1985), and chemical composition of soils by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, using a MAKS-GV spectroscope. The studies of solonetzes and light chestnut soils of Priyutnensk district show the domination of soils with low and very low humus content: less than 3.5%. The reaction of the soil solution is slightly alkaline and alkaline. The soils are saline in the upper 20-cm-thick layer, the content of exchangeable magnesium does not exceed 0.74%, the calcium content is 0.96%, and carbonates are present. The pH value is lowest at the edge of settlements and highest on the territory of a school and in the center of settlements. There is a tendency to a decrease in the chloride content from the background to the center. There is no a pronounced dependence of changes in other soil parameters in all settlements from the center to the background.

中文翻译：

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卡尔梅克中部干旱地区的土壤（普里尤特涅斯克区）

摘要

卡尔梅克共和国的土壤特征以普里尤特涅斯克地区为例。对卡尔梅克共和国普里尤特涅斯克地区五个定居点土壤的肥力参数、有机质含量、水提取物中的介质反应（pH）、盐成分和碱度进行了研究。我们通过 VN Simakov 修改的 IV Tyurin (1965) 方法（GOST …, 1993）测定了有机碳 (C _org )含量，通过电位法 ( GOST …, 1985) 测定了土壤的 pH 值，并测定了化学成分使用 MAKS-GV 光谱仪通过 X 射线荧光光谱法对土壤进行分析。对Priyutnensk地区的solonetzes和轻质板栗土的研究表明，腐殖质含量低和极低的土壤占主导地位：低于3.5%。土壤溶液的反应呈弱碱性和碱性。土壤上部20厘米厚层为盐碱地，交换性镁含量不超过0.74%，钙含量0.96%，存在碳酸盐。pH 值在定居点边缘最低，在学校区域和定居点中心最高。从背景到中心，氯化物含量有减少的趋势。从中心到背景的所有聚落中，其他土壤参数的变化不存在明显的依赖性。