Abstract

The results of the analysis of the flora of Paliurus communities of Piedmont Dagestan from the extreme southern site (the spurs of the Main Caucasian ridge near the village of Novoe Karakyure) to the extreme northern site of their growth at the boundary with the Chechen Republic (Kizilyurt district, the vicinity of the villages of Mutsal-aul and Gadari) are given. The floristic composition of plant communities is studied on the basis of 17 geobotanical descriptions. The taxonomic analysis of the flora has been performed and the spectrum of the leading families, Poaceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, and Fabaceae (Po-As-La + Fa spectrum), typical for the Central Asian type with a significant effect of the Mediterranean flora has been revealed. The biomorphological analysis shows the predominance of hemicryptophytes (45.4%) and therophytes (33%). The latter are an indicator of arid conditions and anthropogenic impacts on cenoses. Geographical analysis reveals the predominance of species of the boreal (30.4%) and the ancient Mediterranean (27%) types and shows the position of the region at the contact of the boreal and xerophilous vegetation types. It reflects the development of the flora at the boundary between the Euro-Siberian and Iranian–Turanian regions, followed by the penetration of the Western Asian flora, which is typical for the Caucasus. We suppose that the Paliurus communities of Piedmont Dagestan are primary based on the results of floristic studies, on the xerophytic composition of species in the shrub layer, and on the absence or single participation of species of the genus Quercus in the group of Paliureta graminosa associations and the Paliuretum ass. (Tarki-Tau Mountain near Makhachkala) and in the group of the Paliureta bryosa ass. and the Paliuretum bryosum ass. (Beyukdere Ridge, Tabasaran district). We also take into account the long-term stability (5000–6000 years according to published data) of the geoclimate conditions of the area. Individual trees of the genus Quercus and of Ulmus campestris in piedmont communities of Paliurus, in our opinion, are not preserved representatives of the previously expanded tree flora of oak forests. Communities with Paliurus spina-christi grow here in the lower belt of mountain slopes, border on oak forests, and are the result of an ecotone effect, when accidentally brought oak seeds may grow under optimal ecological conditions of the microniche together with P. spina-christi. Forest boundaries and the altitude of ecotone plots depend on slope steepness and aspect. In a broader spatial-temporal aspect, the change in the altitude gradient of the boundaries of Paliurus communities and of forests dominated by Quercus and Ulmus campestris in Piedmont Dagestan depends on changes in aridization or humidization climate trends.

中文翻译：

---

与 Paliurus spina-christi Mill 的群落植物区系。及其在达吉斯坦山前地区的原始性质问题

摘要

对达吉斯坦皮埃蒙特青鲽群落植物区系的分析结果，从最南端（靠近Novoe Karakyure村的高加索主山脊的山刺）到最北端与车臣共和国边界生长的地点（给出了 Kizilyurt 区、Mutsal-aul 和 Gadari 村庄附近的情况。根据 17 种地球植物学描述研究植物群落的区系组成。对植物区系进行了分类分析，得出了主要科禾本科、菊科、唇形科和豆科的谱（Po-As-La + Fa 谱），典型的中亚类型，对地中海植物区系具有显着影响已经被揭露了。生物形态分析显示半隐植物（45.4%）和半隐植物（33%）占主导地位。后者是干旱条件和人为对植被影响的指标。地理分析揭示了北方（30.4%）和古地中海（27%）类型物种的优势，并显示了该地区处于北方和旱生植被类型接触处的位置。它反映了欧洲-西伯利亚和伊朗-图兰尼亚地区边界植物区系的发展，随后是西亚植物区系的渗透，这在高加索地区是典型的。我们根据植物区系研究的结果、灌木层中物种的旱生组成以及Paliureta graminosa群落中栎属物种的缺失或单一参与，推测达吉斯坦皮埃蒙特的青柳群落是主要的。和Paliuretum驴。（马哈奇卡拉附近的塔基-陶山）和Paliureta bryosa驴群。和Paliuretum bryosum驴。（塔巴萨兰区 Beyukdere Ridge）。我们还考虑了该地区地理气候条件的长期稳定性（根据已发表的数据为 5000-6000 年）。我们认为，帕柳鲁斯山麓群落中的栎属和榆树属的个体树木并不是先前扩大的橡树林树区系的保存代表。Paliurus spina-christi群落生长在山坡较低的地带，与橡树林接壤，是生态交错带效应的结果，当意外带入橡树种子时，可能会与 Paliurus spina-christi 一起在微生境的最佳生态条件下生长。克里斯蒂. 森林边界和生态交错带的海拔取决于坡度和坡向。从更广泛的时空角度来看，边界的海拔梯度变化 达吉斯坦山麓的青柳群落和以栎树和榆树为主的森林取决于干旱或湿润气候趋势的变化。