Abstract

Restoration of disturbed ecosystems is an urgent scientific problem, the solution of which will allow preserving the biological diversity of Russian regions. During the restoration of steppe ecosystems on the territory of the Kulikovo field, various methods and approaches have been used over the past 20 years, which has made it possible to form agrosteppes of different ages. However, the diversity of their vegetation has not yet been assessed. The goal of this study was to identify the coenotic diversity of agrosteppes based on the ecological–phytocoenotic approach and to assess the directions of succession development of the selected associations. The authors carried out 96 geobotanical descriptions of the vegetation of agrosteppes, indicating the total projective cover for the grass layer and the projective cover (%) for each species. The ordination of descriptions was performed on the basis of a trendless DCA correspondence analysis using the PC-ORD program. To compare the identified associations, the indicator of species activity was determined. According to the results of the study, five associations of agrosteppe vegetation were identified. At the early stages of development of agrosteppes, communities of the Matricaria inodora + Artemisia absinthium association are formed, which are characterized by the dominance of taproot species. Densely tufted grasses grow in the communities of the Stipa spp. + Festuca valesiaca association. However, the low competitiveness of densely tufted grasses in the climate conditions of the northern forest–steppe contributes to the loss of fescue and its replacement by narrow-leaved bluegrass, which leads to the formation of the Stipa spp. + Poa angustifolia association. Wood reed is actively introduced into the communities of agrosteppes and increases its activity, which leads to the emergence of the Calamagrostis epigejos association. As agrosteppe communities develop, the activity of anthropogenic and some sown steppe species decreases, but an increase in the activity of meadow grasses in the selected associations is noted. This analysis indicates a low degree of preservation of “feather grass” associations and the formation of communities of steppe meadows.

中文翻译：

---

俄罗斯欧洲部分农草原植被和动态（图拉地区、库利科沃田）

摘要

恢复受干扰的生态系统是一个紧迫的科学问题，解决该问题将有助于保护俄罗斯地区的生物多样性。过去20年来，在库利科沃地区草原生态系统的恢复过程中，采用了各种方法和途径，形成了不同年龄的农草原。然而，其植被的多样性尚未得到评估。本研究的目的是基于生态-植物群落方法来确定农草原的群落多样性，并评估所选群落的演替发展方向。作者对农草原植被进行了 96 项地球植物学描述，表明草层的总投影覆盖度和每个物种的投影覆盖度 (%)。描述的排序是在使用 PC-ORD 程序的无趋势 DCA 对应分析的基础上进行的。为了比较已确定的关联，确定了物种活动指标。根据研究结果，确定了五个农草原植被群落。农草原发展初期，形成母菊+苦艾群落群落，其特点是主根物种占优势。针茅属群落中生长着茂密的丛生草。+羊茅协会。然而，在北部森林草原的气候条件下，茂密丛生草的竞争力较低，导致羊茅的流失，并被窄叶早熟禾所取代，从而导致了针茅属的形成。+早熟禾协会。木芦苇被积极引入农草原群落并增加其活性，从而导致了Calamagrostis epigejos群落的出现。随着农草原群落的发展，人类和一些播种草原物种的活动减少，但选定协会中草甸草的活动却有所增加。该分析表明“羽毛草”群落的保存程度和草原草甸群落的形成程度较低。