Unnatural amino acids (UAAs) have gained significant attention in protein engineering and drug development owing to their ability to introduce new chemical functionalities to proteins. In eukaryotes, genetic code expansion (GCE) enables the incorporation of UAAs and facilitates posttranscriptional modification (PTM), which is not feasible in prokaryotic systems. GCE is also a powerful tool for cell or animal imaging, the monitoring of protein interactions in target cells, drug development, and switch regulation. Therefore, there is keen interest in utilizing GCE in eukaryotic systems. This review provides an overview of the application of GCE in eukaryotic systems and discusses current challenges that need to be addressed.

中文翻译：

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遗传密码扩展技术在真核生物中的应用。

非天然氨基酸（UAA）因其能够为蛋白质引入新的化学功能而在蛋白质工程和药物开发中受到广泛关注。在真核生物中，遗传密码扩展 (GCE) 能够掺入 UAA 并促进转录后修饰 (PTM)，这在原核系统中是不可行的。GCE 还是细胞或动物成像、靶细胞中蛋白质相互作用监测、药物开发和开关调节的强大工具。因此，人们对在真核系统中利用 GCE 产生了浓厚的兴趣。本综述概述了 GCE 在真核系统中的应用，并讨论了当前需要解决的挑战。