Since their discovery in 2004, carbon dots (CDs), a key component in the field of carbon nanomaterials, have attracted considerable interest. CDs are a new variety of carbon allotropes, alongside graphite, carbon nanotubes and activated carbon. They have attracted widespread attention because of their excellent applications in a variety of fields, thanks to their remarkable properties. CDs have shown particular promise because of their excellent properties, including small size, remarkable biocompatibility, optical brightness, catalytic efficiency, environmental friendliness and low toxicity. They are increasingly used in a variety of fields, including Li-O batteries, where they have achieved a high specific capacity of 7500 mAh g over 100 cycles, and in fluorescent detection. In the latter application, CDs have been used for the selective and sensitive detection of Fe ions by exploiting the fluorescence quenching of CDs, with a remarkable detection limit of 0.66 µM in the concentration range from 5 to 25 µM. CDs are also widely used in catalysis, optoelectronic devices, biomedicine, lubrication and other industries, demonstrating their versatility and potential in many fields.

中文翻译：

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碳点纳米粒子：生物传感、催化、生物医学和其他应用领域的一个有希望的突破

自2004年被发现以来，碳点（CD）作为碳纳米材料领域的关键组成部分，引起了人们的极大兴趣。CD 是一种新的碳同素异形体，与石墨、碳纳米管和活性炭并列。由于其卓越的性能，它们在各个领域的出色应用而引起了广泛的关注。CD因其尺寸小、生物相容性好、光学亮度高、催化效率高、环境友好和低毒性等优异性能而显示出特别的前景。它们越来越多地应用于各种领域，包括锂氧电池（在 100 次循环中实现了 7500 mAh g-1 的高比容量）以及荧光检测。在后一种应用中，CD通过利用CD的荧光猝灭作用，用于Fe离子的选择性和灵敏检测，在5至25 µM的浓度范围内具有0.66 µM的显着检测限。CD还广泛应用于催化、光电器件、生物医学、润滑等行业，展示了其在许多领域的多功能性和潜力。