With the proliferation of misinformation have come toolkits that include refutation strategies to target the beliefs of individuals that can be employed preemptively (prebunking) or reactively (debunking). Whereas the theoretical lineage of prebunking is well established within the literature on inoculation theory, the theoretical underpinning of debunking is not. Recent advances in inoculation theory include fostering resistance to a of message rather than to the of a message as well as application of messages in both prophylactic and therapeutic situations. Theoretically rooted within studies of conceptual change, fresh insights on debunking interventions derive from knowledge revision models, the Misinformation Receptivity Framework, as well as empirical evidence on the efficacy of narrative correctives and counters.

中文翻译：

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驳斥错误信息：检验驳斥干预的理论基础

随着错误信息的扩散，出现了一些工具包，其中包括针对个人信念的反驳策略，可以先发制人（预先揭穿）或被动（揭穿）。尽管“谎言前”的理论谱系在接种理论文献中已得到充分确立，但“揭穿谎言”的理论基础却并非如此。接种理论的最新进展包括促进对信息的抵抗而不是对信息的抵抗，以及信息在预防和治疗情况下的应用。从理论上讲，植根于概念变化的研究中，关于揭穿干预措施的新见解源自知识修正模型、错误信息接受框架以及关于叙事纠正和反击有效性的经验证据。