Liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LC-TEM) is a unique technique that permits in situ observations of various phenomena in liquids with high spatial and temporal resolutions. One difficulty with this technique is the control of the environmental conditions in the observation area. Control of the temperature ranging from room temperature to minus several tens of degrees Celsius, is desirable for controlling the supersaturation in various materials and for observing crystallization more easily. We have developed a cooling transmission electron microscopy specimen holder that uses Peltier devices, and we have combined it with a liquid cell to realize accurate temperature control in LC-TEM. We evaluated this system by using water as a specimen. Motionless bubbles, shown to be voids containing pressurized gas, formed in the specimen sometime after the temperature had reached -12°C. An electron diffraction pattern showed that the specimen turned into ice Ih after the formation of these bubbles, confirming that our system works properly and can induce crystallization. In addition, we analyzed the behavior of bubbles formed in the ice Ih, and we discussed the formation of these bubbles and their internal pressure.

中文翻译：

---

使用带有帕尔贴冷却支架的液体池对冰晶表面附近的气泡行为进行原位透射电子显微镜研究。

液体细胞透射电子显微镜（LC-TEM）是一种独特的技术，可以以高空间和时间分辨率原位观察液体中的各种现象。这项技术的一个难点是观察区域环境条件的控制。将温度控制在室温至零下几十摄氏度的范围内，对于控制各种材料的过饱和度以及更容易地观察结晶是有利的。我们开发了一种使用 Peltier 器件的冷却透射电子显微镜样品架，并将其与液体池相结合，以实现 LC-TEM 中的精确温度控制。我们使用水作为样本来评估该系统。温度达到 -12°C 后，样品中形成静止的气泡（显示为含有加压气体的空隙）。电子衍射图显示，在这些气泡形成后1小时内，样品变成了冰，证实我们的系统工作正常并且可以诱导结晶。此外，我们还分析了冰 Ih 中形成的气泡的行为，并讨论了这些气泡的形成及其内部压力。