INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 2- and 5-years corrected age (CA) in a cohort of preterm infants with established bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). METHODS This single-center retrospective cohort study included infants born between 2009 and 2016 at a gestational age (GA) <30 weeks with moderate or severe BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age. Perinatal characteristics, (social) demographics, and comorbidities were collected from the electronic patient records. Odds ratios for NDI were calculated with univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Of the 602 eligible infants, 123 infants were diagnosed with BPD. NDI was present in 30.3% and 56.1% at 2- and 5-years CA, respectively. The only independent risk factors associated with NDI in the multivariate analyses were birthweight (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.74, 95% CI 0.57-0.95; aOR 0.70, 95% CI 0.54-0.91, respectively), small for GA (SGA) (aOR 3.25, 95% CI 1.09-9.61; aOR 5.44, 95% CI 1.62-18.2, respectively) at both time points, and male gender at 5-years CA (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.11-5.57). CONCLUSION Birthweight and SGA are independent risk factors for NDI at 2- and 5-years CA and male gender at 5-years CA in preterm infants with BPD. In contrast, well-known other risk factors for NDI in the general population of preterm infants, such as GA, maternal education, and neonatal comorbidities were not independently associated with NDI.

中文翻译：

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患有支气管肺发育不良的早产儿在 2 岁和 5 岁时校正年龄神经发育障碍的危险因素。

引言 本研究的目的是确定一组患有支气管肺发育不良 (BPD) 的早产儿在 2 岁和 5 岁校正年龄 (CA) 时神经发育障碍 (NDI) 的危险因素。方法 这项单中心回顾性队列研究纳入了 2009 年至 2016 年出生、胎龄 (GA) <30 周且在月经后 36 周时患有中度或重度 BPD 的婴儿。从电子病历中收集围产期特征、（社会）人口统计数据和合并症。NDI 的优势比是通过调整潜在混杂因素的单变量和多变量逻辑回归分析来计算的。结果 在 602 名符合条件的婴儿中，123 名婴儿被诊断患有 BPD。在 2 年和 5 年 CA 中，NDI 分别占 30.3% 和 56.1%。在多变量分析中，与 NDI 相关的唯一独立危险因素是出生体重（调整后比值比 [aOR] 0.74，95% CI 0.57-0.95；aOR 0.70，95% CI 0.54-0.91），对于 GA (SGA) 来说较小（两个时间点的 aOR 3.25，95% CI 1.09-9.61；aOR 5.44，95% CI 1.62-18.2），5 年 CA 时的男性性别（OR 2.49，95% CI 1.11-5.57）。结论 出生体重和 SGA 是 BPD 早产儿 2 年和 5 年 CA 时 NDI 以及 5 年 CA 时男性的独立危险因素。相比之下，早产儿一般人群中 NDI 的众所周知的其他危险因素，如 GA、母亲教育和新生儿合并症，与 NDI 并不独立相关。