Antibiotics in wastewater treatment plants can alter the physiological activity and the structure of microbial communities through toxic and inhibitory effects. Physiological adaptation, kinetic, and population dynamics behavior of a nitrifying sludge was evaluated in a sequential batch reactor (SBR) fed with 14.4 mg/L of ampicillin (AMP). The addition of AMP did not affect ammonium consumption (100 mg NH₄⁺-N/L) but provoked nitrite accumulation (0.90 mg NO₂⁻-N formed/mg NH₄⁺-N consumed) and an inhibition of up to 67% on the nitrite oxidizing process. After 30 cycles under AMP feeding, the sludge recovered its nitrite oxidizing activity with a high nitrate yield (Y_NO3-) of 0.87 ± 0.10 mg NO₃⁻-N formed/mg NH₄⁺-N consumed, carrying out again a stable and complete nitrifying process. Increases in specific rate of nitrate production (q_NO3-) showed the physiological adaptation of the nitrite oxidizing bacteria to AMP inhibition. Ampicillin was totally removed since the first cycle of addition. Exposure to AMP had effects on the abundance of bacterial populations, promoting adaptation of the nitrifying sludge to the presence of the antibiotic and its consumption. Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira always remained within the dominant genera, keeping the ammonium oxidizing process stable while an increase in Nitrospira abundance was observed, recovering the stability of the nitrite oxidizing process. Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, and Thauera might be some of the heterotrophic bacteria involved in AMP consumption.

废水处理厂中的抗生素可以通过毒性和抑制作用改变微生物群落的生理活性和结构。在添加 14.4 mg/L 氨苄青霉素 (AMP) 的连续间歇式反应器 (SBR) 中评估硝化污泥的生理适应、动力学和种群动态行为。添加 AMP 不会影响铵消耗（100 mg NH ₄ ⁺ -N/L），但会引起亚硝酸盐积累（0.90 mg NO ₂ ^- -N 形成/mg NH ₄ ⁺ -N 消耗），抑制率高达 67%关于亚硝酸盐氧化过程。在 AMP 补料下经过 30 个循环后，污泥恢复了亚硝酸盐氧化活性，硝酸盐产量 (Y _NO3- ) 高达 0.87 ± 0.10 mg NO ₃ ^- -N 形成/mg NH ₄ ⁺ -N 消耗，再次实现稳定且稳定的氧化活性。完成硝化过程。硝酸盐生成率 (q _NO3- ) 的增加表明亚硝酸盐氧化细菌对 AMP 抑制的生理适应。自第一个添加周期以来，氨苄西林被完全去除。暴露于 AMP 会影响细菌种群的丰度，促进硝化污泥对抗生素的存在及其消耗的适应。亚硝化单胞菌和亚硝化螺菌始终保持在优势属内，保持铵氧化过程稳定，同时观察到硝化螺菌丰度增加，恢复亚硝酸盐氧化过程的稳定性。伯克霍尔德氏菌、假单胞菌和Thauera可能是参与 AMP 消耗的一些异养细菌。