To address the increasing demand for lithium, the recovery of lithium from salt lake brines has garnered significant attention. Techniques have been developed; however, these approaches exhibit drawbacks such as high energy consumption, excessive freshwater usage, and substantial dissolution losses, presenting environmental concerns. This review discusses the application and characteristics of four extractant systems used in solvent extraction: organophosphates, ionic liquids, crown ethers, and β-diketones. Furthermore, we present the optimization of organophosphate systems to make them more environmentally friendly. Optimization encompasses four key aspects: synergistic extractants, coextractants, diluents, and main extractants. Solvent extraction is a simple, cost-effective, and environmentally benign technique for lithium extraction from brine. Modifying the structure of these extractants can reduce dissolution rates and improve extraction efficiencies.

为了满足日益增长的锂需求，从盐湖卤水中回收锂引起了人们的广泛关注。技术已经发展；然而，这些方法存在一些缺点，例如高能耗、过量淡水使用和大量溶解损失，带来了环境问题。本文讨论了溶剂萃取中使用的四种萃取剂体系的应用和特点：有机磷酸酯、离子液体、冠醚和β-二酮。此外，我们还介绍了有机磷酸盐系统的优化，使其更加环保。优化包括四个关键方面：协同萃取剂、助萃取剂、稀释剂和主萃取剂。溶剂萃取是一种简单、经济且环保的从盐水中提取锂的技术。改变这些萃取剂的结构可以降低溶解速率并提高萃取效率。