American Vietnam War resisters participated in one of the largest politically motivated emigrations in US history. John Hagan provided the most comprehensive study of American war resisters living in Canada in his award-winning book Northern Passage. Hagan documented how law resistance intersected with social movement participation and sustained activism. In this article, I extend Hagan’s life course analysis of law resistance by interviewing fifty-one adult children of the war resisters originally in Hagan’s sample, supplemented with eighteen surveys completed by the parents about their child, producing eighty-two distinct parent-child relationship pairs. This unique intergenerational study finds that American war resister parents radically influenced their offspring’s activism. The adult children of war resisters highly resemble their parents’ political views and activism. Further, I elaborate on the concept of a participation identity to suggest four fundamental mechanisms that facilitate activism of the offspring of war resisters: (1) resonates with their identities and life histories; (2) inspired by their parents’ activism; (3) adoption of an injustice frame; and (4) optimism that social movements are effective vehicles of social change. This research demonstrates that American war resister children in Canada are both attitudinally disposed to, and structurally available for, activism.

中文翻译：

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战争抵抗者之子：激进主义、政治取向、不公正框架和法律抵抗的代际传播

美国越南战争抵抗者参与了美国历史上最大的出于政治动机的移民之一。约翰·哈根在他的获奖书中对生活在加拿大的美国反战者进行了最全面的研究北方航道。哈根记录了法律抵抗如何与社会运动参与和持续的激进主义相交叉。在本文中，我通过采访哈根样本中最初的五十一名抗战者成年子女，并辅以父母完成的关于孩子的十八项调查，扩展了哈根对法律抵抗的生命历程分析，产生了八十二种不同的亲子关系对。这项独特的代际研究发现，美国反战父母从根本上影响了他们后代的激进主义。抗战者的成年子女与他们父母的政治观点和行动主义高度相似。此外，我详细阐述了参与身份的概念，提出了促进抗战者后代行动主义的四种基本机制：（1）与他们的身份和生活史产生共鸣；(2) 受到父母行动主义的启发；(3) 采用不公正的框架；(4) 乐观地认为社会运动是社会变革的有效工具。这项研究表明，加拿大的美国反战儿童在态度上和结构上都倾向于激进主义。