The kidneys of preterm and low birth weight babies reflect vulnerability, since several noxae can evoke the termination of nephron formation. This again leads to oligonephropathy with severe consequences for health in the later life. While the clinical parameters have been intensely investigated, only little is known about the initial traces left by the noxae. For the fetal human kidney, solely the lack of basophilic S-shaped bodies and the reduction in width of the nephrogenic zone were registered. It is not known in how far also the involved progenitor cells, the earlier nephron stages, the collecting duct (CD) ampullae, and the local interstitium are collaterally harmed. The interstitium at the forming nephron is heterogeneously structured. Thereby, it fulfills quite different mastering and integrative tasks. Since data dealing with the installation of a nephron is not available, the microanatomical features were recorded. The microscopic specimens show that the installation of the transient stages of nephron anlage is not synchronized. Instead, it is controlled within a nephrogenic compartment of the nephrogenic zone. It starts near the renal capsule by positioning the nephrogenic niche so that the nephrogenic progenitor cells face the epithelial progenitor cell at the tip of a CD ampulla. Then, the induced nephrogenic progenitor cells assimilate in the pretubular aggregate. While its medial part remains opposite the head of the CD ampulla, at its proximal end, the primitive renal vesicle is formed. Only a part of it separates to stick to the section border between the head and conus of the CD ampulla. This marks the link with the future connecting tubule at the distal pole of the extending renal vesicle. Meanwhile, the proximal pole is mounted next to the connecting tubule of an earlier developed nephron. The resulting two-point mounting serves a common elongation of the conus at the CD ampulla and the medial aspect of the comma-shaped body. In the S-shaped body, it supports to defoliate the arising glomerulus and to link it with the perforating radiate artery at its deep lateral aspect. The investigation depicts that the installation is an interactive process between the stages of nephron anlage and its structural neighbors. A special meaning has the interjacent interstitium. It is vital for the positioning, shaping, and physiological integration. Due to its special location, this is mainly exposed to noxae.

中文翻译：

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妊娠晚期在胎儿肾脏中安装发育中的肾单位

早产儿和低出生体重儿的肾脏很脆弱，因为一些诺克斯可以引起肾单位形成的终止。这再次导致少肾病，对以后的健康造成严重后果。虽然临床参数已被深入研究，但人们对诺克斯留下的最初痕迹知之甚少。对于胎儿人类肾脏，仅记录到嗜碱性S形体的缺乏和肾源区宽度的减小。目前尚不清楚所涉及的祖细胞、早期肾单位阶段、集合管（CD）壶腹和局部间质受到多大程度的附带损害。形成肾单位的间质结构不均匀。因此，它完成了完全不同的母带处理和集成任务。由于无法获得有关肾单位安装的数据，因此记录了显微解剖特征。显微标本显示肾单位原基瞬态阶段的安装不同步。相反，它被控制在肾源区的肾源区室内。它从肾被膜附近开始，通过定位肾源性生态位，使肾源性祖细胞面向 CD 壶腹尖端的上皮祖细胞。然后，诱导的肾源性祖细胞在肾小管前聚集体中同化。虽然其内侧部分仍然与 CD 壶腹部的头部相对，但在其近端，形成了原始肾小泡。只有一部分分离并粘在 CD 壶腹头部和圆锥之间的截面边界上。这标志着与延伸肾囊泡远端的未来连接小管的连接。同时，近端杆安装在早期发育的肾单位的连接小管旁边。由此产生的两点安装可共同延长 CD 壶腹处的圆锥和逗号形体的内侧。在S形体内，它支持使新生的肾小球脱叶，并将其与穿放射动脉在其深侧面连接起来。调查表明，该装置是肾单位原体阶段与其结构邻居之间的互动过程。中间的间质具有特殊的意义。它对于定位、塑形和生理整合至关重要。由于其特殊的位置，这里主要暴露于诺克斯。