The coronavirus disease pandemic has led to an urgent need for rapid and accurate viral diagnosis. Therefore, rapid biosensors, not only for viruses but also for the detection of bacteria, disease diagnosis, and environmental monitoring, have been actively researched. Biosensors analyze the binding of biomolecules and target substances mainly based on electrochemical, electrical, or optical methods. To achieve precise and rapid diagnosis, it is crucial to reduce the time required for biomolecule–target substance binding. Typically, biomolecules reach the target substances through random diffusion, and to overcome the limitations associated herewith, biosensors have been integrated with alternating current (AC) electrokinetics (ACEK) technology. ACEK, through the application of alternating voltages, converts electrical energy into fluid motion, inducing pumping, mixing, concentration, and separation of the fluid. Its low power consumption makes it highly promising as a point-of-care diagnostic device. In this paper, we review the advancements in three ACEK technologies: AC electrothermal flow, AC electro-osmosis, and AC di-electrophoresis, to discuss the development of rapid biosensor fabrication methods based on electrical potential applications.

冠状病毒疾病大流行导致迫切需要快速、准确的病毒诊断。因此，人们正在积极研究快速生物传感器，不仅用于病毒，还用于细菌检测、疾病诊断和环境监测。生物传感器主要基于电化学、电学或光学方法来分析生物分子与目标物质的结合。为了实现精确、快速的诊断，减少生物分子与目标物质结合所需的时间至关重要。通常，生物分子通过随机扩散到达目标物质，为了克服与此相关的限制，生物传感器已与交流（AC）电动（ACEK）技术集成。ACEK 通过施加交流电压，将电能转化为流体运动，从而引起流体的泵送、混合、浓缩和分离。其低功耗使其成为非常有前途的即时诊断设备。在本文中，我们回顾了三种ACEK技术的进展：交流电热流、交流电渗透和交流双向电泳，讨论基于电势应用的快速生物传感器制造方法的发展。