The conservation of genetic diversity is a crucial aspect of forest tree breeding programs, necessitating strategies for its safeguard. Here, the extent of genetic diversity was assessed in 260 Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis Carr.) germplasm samples from five provenances using 24 SSR markers. We systematically compared various methods for constructing a core collection aimed at conserving genetic diversity and the results revealed substantial genetic diversity within this germplasm collection. Extensive gene exchange was observed among four of the sampled five provenances which resulted in forming two genetically distinctive groups. To construct the core collection, six different sampling strategies (PowerCore, Power marker_allele number, Power marker_gene entropy, Power marker_gene diversity, Corehunter, and genetic distance-based) and five different sampling sizes (ranging from 10 to 30%) were employed. Comparative analysis of genetic diversity parameters was conducted across the identified 26 subsets, utilizing the PowerCore strategy as the primary approach for capturing all allelic variation present in the core collection, which consisted of only 61 individuals. A supplementary collection of 20 individuals with high genetic variation was identified to provide a final core collection of 81 individuals, representing 31.2% of the initial collection. The constructed core collection effectively captured the genetic diversity present in the initial collection and serves as a valuable resource for preserving genetic richness within the breeding population.

遗传多样性的保护是林木育种计划的一个重要方面，因此需要制定保护策略。在此，使用 24 个 SSR 标记评估了来自 5 个种源的 260 个油松 ( Pinus tabuliformis Carr.) 种质样本的遗传多样性程度。我们系统地比较了构建旨在保护遗传多样性的核心种质的各种方法，结果揭示了该种质保藏中的大量遗传多样性。在五个采样来源中的四个之间观察到广泛的基因交换，导致形成两个遗传上独特的群体。为了构建核心集合，采用了六种不同的采样策略（PowerCore、Powermarker_allele number、Powermarker_gene entropy、Powermarker_genediversity、Corehunter 和基于遗传距离）和五种不同的采样大小（范围从 10% 到 30%）。对已识别的 26 个子集进行遗传多样性参数的比较分析，利用 PowerCore 策略作为捕获核心集合中存在的所有等位基因变异的主要方法，该核心集合仅由 61 个个体组成。确定了 20 个具有高遗传变异个体的补充种质，提供了 81 个个体的最终核心种质，占初始种质的 31.2%。构建的核心种质有效地捕获了初始种质中存在的遗传多样性，并作为保存育种群体遗传丰富性的宝贵资源。