Resistance exercise training (RET) can be applied effectively to increase muscle mass and function in older adults (65–75 years). However, it has been speculated that older adults above 85 years are less responsive to the benefits of RET. This study compares the impact of RET on muscle mass and function in healthy older adults 65–75 years versus older adults above 85 years. We subjected 17 healthy older adults 65–75 years (OLDER 65–75, n = 13/4 [female/male]; 68 ± 2 years; 26.9 ± 2.3 kg/m²) and 12 healthy older adults above 85 years (OLDER 85+, n = 7/5 [female/male]; 87 ± 3 years; 26.0 ± 3.6 kg/m²) to 12 weeks of whole-body RET (three times per week). Prior to, and after 6 and 12 weeks of training, quadriceps and lumbar spine vertebra 3 muscle cross-sectional area (computed tomography scan), whole-body lean mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan), strength (one-repetition maximum test), and physical performance (timed up and go and short physical performance battery) were assessed. Twelve weeks of RET resulted in a 10% ± 4% and 11% ± 5% increase in quadriceps cross-sectional area (from 46.5 ± 10.7 to 51.1 ± 12.1 cm², and from 38.9 ± 6.1 to 43.1 ± 8.0 cm², respectively; p < .001; η² = .67); a 2% ± 3% and 2% ± 3% increase in whole-body lean mass (p = .001; η² = .22); and a 38% ± 20% and 46% ± 14% increase in one-repetition maximum leg extension strength (p < .001; η² = .77) in the OLDER 65–75 and OLDER 85+ groups, respectively. No differences in the responses to RET were observed between groups (Time × Group, all p > .60; all η² ≤ .012). Physical performance on the short physical performance battery and timed up and go improved (both p < .01; η² ≥ .22), with no differences between groups (Time × Group, p > .015; η² ≤ .07). Prolonged RET increases muscle mass, strength, and physical performance in the aging population, with no differences between 65–75 years and 85+ years older adults.

阻力运动训练（RET）可以有效地应用于增加老年人（65-75岁）的肌肉质量和功能。然而，据推测 85 岁以上的老年人对 RET 的益处反应较差。本研究比较了 RET 对 65-75 岁健康老年人与 85 岁以上老年人肌肉质量和功能的影响。我们对 17 名 65-75 岁的健康老年人（老年 65-75，n  = 13/4 [女性/男性]；68 ± 2 岁；26.9 ± 2.3 kg/m ²）和 12 名 85 岁以上的健康老年人（老年）进行了研究。 85+，n  = 7/5 [女性/男性]；87 ± 3 岁；26.0 ± 3.6 kg/m ² ) 至 12 周全身 RET（每周 3 次）。训练前、训练后 6 周和 12 周，股四头肌和腰椎第 3 块肌肉横截面积（计算机断层扫描）、全身去脂质量（双能 X 射线骨密度扫描）、力量（单次重复）最大测试）和身体表现（计时启动和短时间身体表现电池）进行了评估。12 周的 RET 导致股四头肌横截面积增加 10% ± 4% 和 11% ± 5%（分别从 46.5 ± 10.7 增加到 51.1 ± 12.1 cm ²，从 38.9 ± 6.1 增加到 43.1 ± 8.0 cm ²） ；p  < .001；η ²  = .67)；全身去脂体重增加 2% ± 3% 和 2% ± 3% ( p  = .001; η ²  = .22)； 65-75 岁老人组和 85 岁以上老人组的单次最大腿部伸展力量分别增加了 38% ± 20% 和 46% ± 14%（p  < .001；η ^{2 = .77）。}组间未观察到 RET 反应存在差异（时间 × 组，所有p  > .60；所有 η ²  ≤ .012）。短时间物理性能电池和计时启动后的物理性能均有所改善（均为p  < .01；η ²  ≥ .22），组间没有差异（时间 × 组，p  > .015；η ²  ≤ .07）。延长 RET 可以增加老年人群的肌肉质量、力量和身体机能，但 65-75 岁和 85 岁以上老年人之间没有差异。