Collective behaviour defines the lives of many animal species on the Earth. Underwater swarms span several orders of magnitude in size, from coral larvae and krill to tunas and dolphins. Agent-based algorithms have modelled collective movements of animal groups by use of social forces, which approximate the behaviour of individual animals. But details of how swarming individuals interact with the fluid environment are often under-examined. How do fluid forces shape aquatic swarms? How do fish use their flow-sensing capabilities to coordinate with their schooling mates? We propose viewing underwater collective behaviour from the framework of fluid stigmergy, which considers both physical interactions and information transfer in fluid environments. Understanding the role of hydrodynamics in aquatic collectives requires multi-disciplinary efforts across fluid mechanics, biology and biomimetic robotics. To facilitate future collaborations, we synthesize key studies in these fields.

中文翻译：

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水动力学在鱼群和仿生水下机器人集体运动中的作用。

集体行为决定了地球上许多动物物种的生活。水下群体的大小跨越几个数量级，从珊瑚幼虫和磷虾到金枪鱼和海豚。基于代理的算法利用社会力量模拟了动物群体的集体运动，这近似于个体动物的行为。但关于集群个体如何与流体环境相互作用的细节往往没有得到充分研究。流体力如何塑造水生群体？鱼如何利用它们的流量感应能力来与它们的同伴协调？我们建议从流体stigmergy的框架来观察水下集体行为，该框架考虑了流体环境中的物理相互作用和信息传输。了解流体动力学在水生群体中的作用需要流体力学、生物学和仿生机器人学等多学科的努力。为了促进未来的合作，我们综合了这些领域的关键研究。