The gut microbiota has been found to interact with the brain through the microbiota-gut-brain axis, regulating various physiological processes. In recent years, the impacts of the gut microbiota on neurodevelopment through this axis have been increasingly appreciated. The gut microbiota is commonly considered to regulate neurodevelopment through three pathways, the immune pathway, the neuronal pathway, and the endocrine/systemic pathway, with overlaps and crosstalks in between. Accumulating studies have identified the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and Rett Syndrome. Numerous researchers have examined the physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms influenced by the gut microbiota in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of advancements in research pertaining to the microbiota-gut-brain axis in NDDs. Furthermore, we analyzed both the current state of research progress and discuss future perspectives in this field.

中文翻译：

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微生物群-肠-脑轴和神经发育障碍。

研究发现肠道微生物群通过微生物群-肠-脑轴与大脑相互作用，调节各种生理过程。近年来，肠道微生物群通过该轴对神经发育的影响越来越受到人们的重视。通常认为肠道微生物群通过三种途径调节神经发育：免疫途径、神经元途径和内分泌/系统途径，这三种途径之间存在重叠和交叉。越来越多的研究已经确定了微生物群-肠-脑轴在神经发育障碍中的作用，包括自闭症谱系障碍、注意力缺陷多动障碍和雷特综合症。许多研究人员研究了神经发育障碍（NDD）中肠道微生物群影响的生理和病理生理机制。本综述旨在全面概述 NDD 中微生物群-肠-脑轴的研究进展。此外，我们分析了该领域研究进展的现状并讨论了未来的前景。