The development and differentiation of endothelial cells (ECs) are fundamental processes with significant implications for both health and disease. ECs, which are found in all organs and blood vessels, play a crucial role in facilitating nutrient and waste exchange and maintaining proper vessel function. Understanding the intricate signaling pathways involved in EC development holds great promise for enhancing vascularization, tissue engineering, and vascular regeneration. Hematopoietic stem cells originating from hemogenic ECs, give rise to diverse immune cell populations, and the interaction between ECs and immune cells is vital for maintaining vascular integrity and regulating immune responses. Dysregulation of vascular development pathways can lead to various diseases, including cancer, where tumor- specific ECs promote tumor growth through angiogenesis. Recent advancements in single-cell genomics and in vivo genetic labeling have shed light on EC development, plasticity, and heterogeneity, uncovering tissue-specific gene expression and crucial signaling pathways. This review explores the potential of ECs in various applications, presenting novel opportunities for advancing vascular medicine and treatment strategies.

中文翻译：

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探索内皮细胞分化的分子和发育动力学。

内皮细胞 (EC) 的发育和分化是对健康和疾病具有重大影响的基本过程。ECs 存在于所有器官和血管中，在促进营养和废物交换以及维持正常的血管功能方面发挥着至关重要的作用。了解 EC 发育中涉及的复杂信号通路对于增强血管化、组织工程和血管再生具有巨大的希望。源自造血内皮细胞的造血干细胞产生不同的免疫细胞群，内皮细胞和免疫细胞之间的相互作用对于维持血管完整性和调节免疫反应至关重要。血管发育途径的失调可导致多种疾病，包括癌症，其中肿瘤特异性内皮细胞通过血管生成促进肿瘤生长。单细胞基因组学和体内遗传标记的最新进展揭示了 EC 的发育、可塑性和异质性，揭示了组织特异性基因表达和关键信号通路。本综述探讨了 EC 在各种应用中的潜力，为推进血管医学和治疗策略提供了新的机会。