Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common opportunistic infections and is a leading cause of mortality in patients with HIV and AIDS. HIV infection causes serious defects in the host immune system and increases the risk of active TB. TB infection promotes HIV replication and aggravates host damage in patients with HIV/AIDS. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are essential immune cells during TB and HIV infections. AMs undergo a shift in mitochondrial metabolism during TB or HIV infection, that is, metabolic reprogramming, allowing them to act in the form of classical activated macrophages (M1) and alternative activated macrophages (M2) at different stages of infection. We reviewed the alterations in the mitochondrial energy metabolism of AMs in patients with HIV, TB, and HIV/TB to provide ideas for further research on the role of metabolic reprogramming by AMs in the pathogeneses of HIV, TB, and HIV/TB coinfection.

中文翻译：

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感染艾滋病毒、结核病和艾滋病毒/结核病的患者肺泡巨噬细胞的线粒体代谢。

结核病 (TB) 是最常见的机会性感染之一，也是艾滋病毒和艾滋病患者死亡的主要原因。HIV 感染会导致宿主免疫系统严重缺陷，并增加活动性结核病的风险。结核病感染会促进艾滋病毒复制并加重艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者的宿主损害。肺泡巨噬细胞 (AM) 是结核病和艾滋病毒感染过程中必不可少的免疫细胞。AM 在 TB 或 HIV 感染期间经历线粒体代谢的转变，即代谢重编程，使它们能够在感染的不同阶段以经典活化巨噬细胞 (M1) 和替代活化巨噬细胞 (M2) 的形式发挥作用。我们回顾了 HIV、结核病和 HIV/TB 患者中 AMs 线粒体能量代谢的变化，为进一步研究 AMs 代谢重编程在 HIV、结核病和 HIV/TB 合并感染发病机制中的作用提供思路。