Located in the Basin of Mexico, the eastern shore of former Lake Texcoco sustained a variety of human occupations throughout the Holocene, including preceramic hunter-gatherers, incipient agriculturalists, and a variety of settlements in the ceramic periods. Nonetheless, the environmental dynamics of occupations on the lakeshore have not been fully addressed. The Archaic preagricultural Texcoco Man site (>5000 B.C.E.) and the Late Formative TX-LF-14 site (c. 550-200 B.C.E.), among others, occupy this fluvio-lacustrine transitional environment. Few stratigraphic works in and around the sites have been performed. Consequently, it is difficult to understand the dynamics of the sedimentary system in space and time. This work highlights and describes the fluvio-lacustrine sedimentary dynamics and the resulting landscape that past societies inhabited on the eastern shore of Texcoco Lake. Because the study area has been altered by historic and modern draining, our work employs Lake Santiaguillo and its main tributary, the Tejamen River in the Durango state, as a modern analog to study their sedimentary dynamics. The analyses of surface geomorphology in the Texcoco study area were employed to corroborate the modern analog interpretation. To achieve these goals, we conducted a GIS-based morphometric analysis and LANDSAT-8 imagery to study the variations in landforms through wet and dry events. The results indicate an increase in the lake volume, low bifurcation in the active fluvial channels, few inundated surfaces, and the presence of bird-foot deltaic channels during high precipitation events. In contrast, low precipitation events are characterized by reduced lake volume, increased fluvial channel bifurcation, and expanded floodplains. This heterogeneous landscape thus provided a rich source of diverse natural resources of saline and freshwater aquatic habitats. Simultaneously, constant or recurring flooding events generated a challenging landscape for prehistoric settlers who implemented diverse technologies, such as the construction of tlateles, on the levees of deltaic channels to reduce the risk and impact of flooding events.

中文翻译：

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使用现代地貌模拟重建墨西哥特斯科科地区的河流湖泊景观和定居历史

位于墨西哥盆地的前特斯科科湖东岸在整个全新世维持着各种人类活动，包括陶瓷时代之前的狩猎采集者、早期的农业学家和陶瓷时期的各种定居点。尽管如此，湖岸职业的环境动态尚未得到充分解决。古老的前农业特克斯科科人遗址（> 5000 公元前）和晚期形成的 TX-LF-14 遗址（约公元前 550-200 年）等占据了这一河流-湖泊过渡环境。在该地点及其周围进行的地层研究工作很少。因此，很难理解沉积系统在空间和时间上的动态。这项工作强调并描述了河流-湖泊沉积动力学以及过去社会在特斯科科湖东岸居住所形成的景观。由于研究区域已因历史和现代排水而改变，我们的工作采用圣蒂亚吉洛湖及其主要支流杜兰戈州的特贾门河作为现代模拟来研究其沉积动力学。对特斯科科研究区地表地貌的分析被用来证实现代模拟解释。为了实现这些目标，我们进行了基于 GIS 的形态测量分析和 LANDSAT-8 图像，以研究潮湿和干燥事件导致的地貌变化。结果表明，在高降水事件期间，湖泊容量增加，活跃河道的分叉程度较低，被淹没的表面很少，并且存在鸟足三角洲河道。相反，低降水事件的特点是湖泊容量减少、河道分叉增加和洪泛区扩大。因此，这种异质景观提供了咸水和淡水水生生境的多样化自然资源的丰富来源。同时，持续或反复发生的洪水事件给史前定居者带来了挑战性的景观，他们采用了多种技术，例如在三角洲河道的堤坝上建造特拉特勒斯，以减少洪水事件的风险和影响。