Acute toxic leukoencephalopathy and serotonin syndrome are rare neurological complications associated with various drugs and toxins, some of which overlap. However, the co-occurrence of these conditions is poorly documented. We present the case of a 14-year-old boy who suddenly developed altered consciousness and autonomic dysfunction after consuming excessive quantities of cough remedies containing dextromethorphan, chlorphenamine, dichlorobenzyl alcohol, and amylmetacreson. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed distinct white matter lesions. With supportive care, the patient rapidly improved, and the magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities disappeared. The swift resolution, typical magnetic resonance imaging findings, and a history of exposure to drugs affecting the central nervous system's serotonergic system suggested concurrent acute toxic leukoencephalopathy and serotonin syndrome. The components of cough medications can be hazardous in overdose due to their potential to enhance serotonin toxicity and cause direct or indirect central nervous system white matter damage. Early recognition and appropriate treatment are essential for recovery.

中文翻译：

---

止咳灵药过量导致中毒性白质脑病和血清素综合征。

急性中毒性白质脑病和血清素综合征是罕见的神经系统并发症，与各种药物和毒素相关，其中一些药物和毒素是重叠的。然而，这些条件同时发生的记录很少。我们介绍了一名 14 岁男孩的病例，他在服用过量含有右美沙芬、氯苯那敏、二氯苯甲醇和戊基甲松的止咳药后突然出现意识改变和自主神经功能障碍。大脑磁共振成像显示明显的白质病变。在支持治疗下，患者病情迅速好转，磁共振成像异常也消失了。快速的分辨率、典型的磁共振成像结果以及影响中枢神经系统血清素能系统的药物暴露史提示并发急性中毒性白质脑病和血清素综合征。止咳药物的成分过量服用可能会产生危险，因为它们可能会增强血清素毒性并导致直接或间接的中枢神经系统白质损伤。早期识别和适当的治疗对于康复至关重要。