Heart failure (HF) patients traditionally report dyspnoea as their main symptom. Although the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and 6 min walking test are the standardized tools in assessing functional capacity, neither cycle ergometers nor treadmill maximal efforts do fully represent the actual HF patients' everyday activities [activities of daily living (ADLs)] (i.e. climbing the stairs). New-generation portable metabolimeters allow the clinician to measure task-related oxygen intake (VO2) in different scenarios and exercise protocols. In the last years, we have made considerable progress in understanding the ventilatory and metabolic behaviours of HF patients and healthy subjects during tasks aimed to reproduce ADLs. In this paper, we describe the most recent findings in the field, with special attention to the relationship between the metabolic variables obtained during ADLs and CPET parameters (i.e. peak VO2), demonstrating, for example, how exercises traditionally thought to be undemanding, such as a walk, instead represent supramaximal efforts, particularly for subjects with advanced HF and/or artificial heart (left ventricular assist devices) wearers.

中文翻译：

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心力衰竭患者和健康受试者的日常生活活动：当心肺评估超出传统运动测试方案时。

心力衰竭（HF）患者传统上将呼吸困难作为其主要症状。尽管心肺运动测试（CPET）和6分钟步行测试是评估功能能力的标准化工具，但自行车测力计和跑步机最大努力都不能完全代表心力衰竭患者的实际日常活动[日常生活活动（ADL）]（即爬楼梯）。新一代便携式代谢计使临床医生能够测量不同场景和运动方案下与任务相关的摄氧量 (VO2)。在过去的几年里，我们在了解心力衰竭患者和健康受试者在执行旨在重现 ADL 的任务期间的通气和代谢行为方面取得了相当大的进展。在本文中，我们描述了该领域的最新发现，特别关注 ADL 期间获得的代谢变量与 CPET 参数（即峰值摄氧量）之间的关系，例如，展示了传统上被认为要求不高的运动，例如相反，步行代表了超最大的努力，特别是对于患有高级心力衰竭和/或人工心脏（左心室辅助装置）佩戴者的受试者。