With the advent of novel and emerging technologies, long duration spaceflight will become more common; along with it, an increase in its inherent health risks. However, health-related ethical issues arising during long-duration spaceflight remain poorly characterized, uncertain and unpredictable. Medical ethics is defined as a set of moral principles, beliefs and values that guides choices about medical care. This set of principles, founded in our sense of right and wrong, helps us make fair and just decisions. The paper conceptually and analytically investigates the ethical issues likely to arise from medical complications during spaceflight, mapping unfilled gaps of the current status quo. Furthermore, this paper explores broad ethical themes of autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence and justice, while also delving deeper into specific scenarios within each theme. The manuscript represents an up-to-date review of the available literature in the field of space medical ethics and recommends guiding ethical principles and a framework for their application to negotiate the resolution of complex ethical scenarios during long-duration spaceflight.

随着新兴技术的出现，长时间的太空飞行将变得更加普遍；与此同时，其固有的健康风险也随之增加。然而，长期太空飞行期间出现的与健康相关的伦理问题仍然缺乏明确的特征、不确定性和不可预测性。医学伦理被定义为指导医疗保健选择的一套道德原则、信仰和价值观。这套原则建立在我们的是非观念的基础上，帮助我们做出公平公正的决定。该论文从概念上和分析上调查了太空飞行期间医疗并发症可能引起的伦理问题，绘制了当前现状中未填补的空白。此外，本文探讨了自主、非恶意、仁慈和正义等广泛的伦理主题，同时还深入研究了每个主题内的具体场景。该手稿是对太空医学伦理领域现有文献的最新回顾，并建议指导伦理原则及其应用框架，以协商解决长期太空飞行期间复杂的伦理场景。