Models of radicalization have typically placed grievances at the heart of radicalization. In contrast, we argue that viewing the radicalizing agent as decidedly proactive, and less reactive, better accounts for the available data. At the core of our radicalization model is the functional structure of envy. The operative properties of the emotion align with essential and conspicuous features of the radicalization process: a motivation to monitor social differentials, an identification of sources of postulated welfare costs, an impulse to eliminate or depower purported competitors, an attempt to diffuse responsibility for one’s aggressive actions, and the rejoicing at the envied agent’s misfortune. Two of those operative properties are particularly important for our understanding of radicalization. Envy motivates the neutralization of competitors when responsibility for welfare costs is not objectively attributable to others’ wrongdoing toward the party who feels injured. The “process of typification” serves as a means to diffuse responsibility. It extends the reach of individual concerns by downplaying the particulars of the personal situation motivating the envious agent while evoking universally shared interaction templates (e.g., humiliation, injustice) to appeal to a broader audience.

激进化模型通常将不满置于激进化的核心。相比之下，我们认为，将激进分子视为绝对主动的、更少被动的，可以更好地解释可用数据。我们激进化模型的核心是嫉妒的功能结构。情绪的运作特性与激进化过程的基本和显着特征相一致：监控社会差异的动机、对假定福利成本来源的识别、消除或削弱所谓竞争对手的冲动、试图分散对自己的侵略行为的责任。行动，以及对被嫉妒的特工的不幸而感到高兴。其中两个操作特性对于我们理解激进化特别重要。当福利成本的责任不能客观地归因于其他人对感到受伤的一方的不当行为时，嫉妒就会激发竞争者的中立性。“典型化过程”是分散责任的一种手段。它通过淡化激发嫉妒主体的个人情况的细节，同时唤起普遍共享的互动模板（例如，羞辱、不公正）来吸引更广泛的受众，从而扩大了个人关注的范围。