The increasing incidence of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has become a major concern. Gut microbiota, as another organ of the human body, has been studied in various tumors, cardiovascular metabolic diseases, inflammatory bowel disease and human immunity. The studies mentioned above have confirmed its important impact on the occurrence and development of DILI. The gut-liver axis explains the close relationship between the gut and the liver, and it may be a pathway by which gut microbes contribute to DILI. In addition, the interaction between drugs and gut microbes affects both separately, which in turn may have positive or negative effects on the body, including DILI. There are both common and specific changes in liver injury caused by different drugs. The alteration of metabolites in DILI is also a new direction of therapeutic exploration. The application of microbiomics, metabolomics and other multi-omics to DILI has also explored new ideas for DILI. In this review, we conclude the alterations of gut microbes and metabolites under different DILI, and the significance of applying gut microbiome-metabolomics to DILI, so as to explore the metabolic characteristics of DILI and possible novel metabolic biomarkers.

中文翻译：

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不同药物性肝损伤中肠道菌群及代谢产物的变化

药物性肝损伤（DILI）发病率的增加已成为一个主要问题。肠道菌群作为人体的另一个器官，在多种肿瘤、心血管代谢疾病、炎症性肠病和人体免疫等方面都有研究。上述研究均证实其对DILI的发生、发展具有重要影响。肠-肝轴解释了肠道与肝脏之间的密切关系，它可能是肠道微生物导致药物性肝损伤的一个途径。此外，药物和肠道微生物之间的相互作用会分别影响两者，进而可能对身体产生积极或消极的影响，包括药源性肝损伤。不同药物引起的肝损伤既有共性的变化，也有特异性的变化。DILI中代谢物的改变也是治疗探索的新方向。微生物组学、代谢组学等多组学在DILI中的应用也为DILI探索了新的思路。本文总结了不同DILI下肠道微生物和代谢物的变化，以及将肠道微生物组-代谢组学应用于DILI的意义，以探讨DILI的代谢特征和可能的新型代谢生物​​标志物。