Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by the presence of intrusive thoughts and engagement in rigid, repetitive behaviors. Current neurobiological models of OCD emphasize dysfunction of the frontal–striatal system. According to recent research, sequence-specific learning is supported by the globus pallidus, as well as the anterior parts of the putamen and caudate nucleus. Given the shared involvement of brain regions in OCD and sequence learning (SL), a key question is how this fundamental learning mechanism works in OCD. Our short review assembles and summarizes existing psychological and neuroscientific studies, with the aim of disentangling the distinct subcortical brain networks that underlie SL in OCD, thereby advancing the current understanding of its neurobiological models. Considering the significance of SL in the habit formation process, our insights may contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of OCD and pave the way for new and enhanced therapeutic approaches.

强迫症 (OCD) 的特点是存在侵入性思想和僵化、重复的行为。目前强迫症的神经生物学模型强调额叶纹状体系统的功能障碍。根据最近的研究，序列特异性学习由苍白球以及壳核和尾状核的前部支持。鉴于强迫症和序列学习（SL）中大脑区域的共同参与，一个关键问题是这种基本学习机制如何在强迫症中发挥作用。我们的简短回顾汇集并总结了现有的心理学和神经科学研究，目的是理清强迫症中 SL 背后的独特皮层下大脑网络，从而推进目前对其神经生物学模型的理解。考虑到 SL 在习惯形成过程中的重要性，我们的见解可能有助于更全面地理解强迫症，并为新的和增强的治疗方法铺平道路。