The need to protect the rights of children and young people in detention is the subject of a recent United Nations study (Nowak 2019) and is highlighted by national and international controversies. This article examines the role of external monitoring in preventing the ill-treatment of children and young people in detention. Australia has until recently shown limited interest in protecting the rights of people in detention, but, in 2017, it finally ratified the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment (OPCAT). This article examines Australia’s steps to ensuring the effective monitoring of the rights of people in detention, specifically the rights of children and young people in criminal justice detention. As a federal state, Australia must establish a comprehensive network of monitoring bodies constituting OPCAT’s National Preventive Mechanism across nine jurisdictions and with a range of existing monitoring bodies. This article highlights the importance of the “monitoring of monitoring” to ensure the fair treatment of children and young people in correctional detention. It identifies factors relevant to the effectiveness and credibility of child-centered monitoring processes and analyzes the opportunities for maximizing both in the Australian context and globally.

中文翻译：

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保护被拘留儿童和青少年的权利：评估人权监测机构的可信度和有效性

保护被拘留儿童和青少年权利的必要性是联合国最近一项研究的主题（Nowak 2019），并在国内和国际争议中得到强调。本文探讨了外部监测在防止拘留中的儿童和青少年遭受虐待方面的作用。澳大利亚直到最近才对保护被拘留者的权利表现出有限的兴趣，但在 2017 年，它最终批准了《禁止酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚公约任择议定书》(OPCAT)。本文探讨了澳大利亚为确保有效监测被拘留者的权利，特别是刑事司法拘留中的儿童和青少年的权利而采取的步骤。作为一个联邦国家，澳大利亚必须建立一个全面的监测机构网络，构成《禁止酷刑公约任择议定书》的国家预防机制，横跨九个司法管辖区并与一系列现有监测机构合作。本文强调了“监督的监督”对于确保惩教拘留中的儿童和青少年得到公平待遇的重要性。它确定了与以儿童为中心的监测过程的有效性和可信度相关的因素，并分析了在澳大利亚和全球范围内最大化的机会。