Metal-based additive manufacturing has gained significant attention in the field of medical implants over the past decade. The application of 3D-printing technology in medical implants offers several advantages over traditional manufacturing methods, including increased design flexibility for implant customization, reduced lead time for emergency cases, and the ability to create complex geometry shapes for patient-specific implants. In this review study, the working principles and conditions of metal 3D-printing technologies such as selective laser sintering, selective laser melting, and electron beam melting, as well as their applications and advantages in the medical field, are investigated in detail. The application scenarios and research status of non-degradable metals including titanium alloy, medical stainless steel, etc., and degradable metals like magnesium alloy are introduced as printing materials. We discuss the improvement of mechanical properties and biocompatibility of implants through surface modification, porous structure design, and the optimization of molding processes. Finally, the biocompatibility issues and challenges caused by the accuracy of CT imaging, fabrication, implant placement, and other aspects are summarized.

中文翻译：

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金属基增材制造在医疗植入物中的研究进展

过去十年，金属基增材制造在医疗植入物领域获得了广泛关注。与传统制造方法相比，3D 打印技术在医疗植入物中的应用具有多种优势，包括提高植入物定制的设计灵活性、缩短紧急情况下的交付时间以及为患者特定植入物创建复杂几何形状的能力。本综述研究详细研究了选择性激光烧结、选择性激光熔化、电子束熔化等金属3D打印技术的工作原理和条件，以及它们在医学领域的应用和优势。钛合金、医用不锈钢等不可降解金属的应用场景及研究现状ETC。，并引入镁合金等可降解金属作为打印材料。我们讨论通过表面改性、多孔结构设计和成型工艺优化来提高植入物的机械性能和生物相容性。最后总结了CT成像精度、制作、种植体植入等方面带来的生物相容性问题和挑战。