The processes of formation and growth of titanium dioxide nanocrystals with a certain structure, the phase transition of anatase to rutile in the presence of a heterogeneous inclusions during thermal and hydrothermal treatment are investigated in this work. Preformed TiO nanoparticles with anatase and rutile structure having different morphology were used as heterogeneous inclusions at the precipitation stage. It was shown that heterogeneous inclusions with this composition and structure could not be considered either as geometrical limitations preventing crystallization or as crystallization nuclei at the stage of titanium dioxide formation. A decrease in the temperature of the anatase-rutile structural transformation by 200 °C and a reduction in the average size of anatase crystallites in the presence of inclusions of the rutile modification in the initial material under hydrothermal conditions and during heat treatment were demonstrated. A conclusion was made about the effect of the size of anatase nanoparticles on their stability. The dependence of the morphological, dimensional, and surface characteristics of the resulting titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the parameters of hydrothermal synthesis and heat treatment, and the presence of inclusions in the reaction system is estimated.

中文翻译：

---

异质夹杂物对TiO2纳米晶形成、结构转变和生长过程的影响

本工作研究了具有一定结构的二氧化钛纳米晶体的形成和生长过程，以及在热处理和水热处理过程中在异质夹杂物存在下锐钛矿向金红石的相变。具有不同形态的锐钛矿和金红石结构的预制 TiO 纳米粒子在沉淀阶段用作异质夹杂物。结果表明，具有这种成分和结构的异质夹杂物既不能被视为阻碍结晶的几何限制，也不能被视为二氧化钛形成阶段的结晶核。结果表明，在水热条件下和热处理过程中，在初始材料中存在金红石变体的夹杂物的情况下，锐钛矿-金红石结构转变的温度降低了 200 °C，并且锐钛矿微晶的平均尺寸减小。得出了锐钛矿纳米粒子的尺寸对其稳定性的影响的结论。估计了所得二氧化钛纳米粒子的形态、尺寸和表面特征对水热合成和热处理参数的依赖性，以及反应系统中夹杂物的存在。