In the past decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted substantial interest in biomedicine. With progress in the field, we have an increasing understanding of cellular responses to EVs. In this Technical Report, we describe the direct nanoinjection of EVs into the cytoplasm of single cells of different cell lines. By using robotic fluidic force microscopy (robotic FluidFM), nanoinjection of GFP positive EVs and EV-like particles into single live HeLa, H9c2, MDA-MB-231 and LCLC-103H cells proved to be feasible. This injection platform offered the advantage of high cell selectivity and efficiency. The nanoinjected EVs were initially localized in concentrated spot-like regions within the cytoplasm. Later, they were transported towards the periphery of the cells. Based on our proof-of-principle data, robotic FluidFM is suitable for targeting single living cells by EVs and may lead to information about intracellular EV cargo delivery at a single-cell level.

中文翻译：

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通过机器人流体力显微镜将细胞外囊泡纳米注射到单个活细胞中

在过去的十年中，细胞外囊泡（EV）引起了生物医学界的极大兴趣。随着该领域的进展，我们对细胞对电动汽车的反应有了越来越多的了解。在本技术报告中，我们描述了将 EV 直接纳米注射到不同细胞系的单个细胞的细胞质中。通过使用机器人流体力显微镜 (robotic FluidFM)，将 GFP 阳性 EV 和类 EV 颗粒纳米注射到单个活 HeLa、H9c2、MDA-MB-231 和 LCLC-103H 细胞中被证明是可行的。该注射平台具有高细胞选择性和效率的优点。纳米注射的 EV 最初位于细胞质内集中的点状区域。随后，它们被运送到细胞的外围。根据我们的原理验证数据，机器人 FluidFM 适合通过 EV 靶向单个活细胞，并可能获得有关单细胞水平的细胞内 EV 货物输送的信息。