While a growing body of literature links the stressor of job insecurity (JI) with poor employee well-being and increased work-to-family conflict (WFC), the current study specifically tests WFC as an explanatory mechanism of the relationships between affective JI (i.e., emotional reactions to the perceived threat to one's job) and poor health outcomes (i.e., mental and physical health). Moreover, this study uniquely examines how family–work stereotype threat (FWST; i.e., fears of confirming negative stereotypes about workers with family obligations) may exacerbate the relationship between perceived threats to one's job and employee reports of WFC. Using a cross-country design, data from 707 employees in the United States (two-wave) and 763 employees nested within 100 organizations in Italy (multilevel, cross-sectional) largely supported the hypothesized mediation model. Specifically, WFC explains the association of JI with individual mental and physical health in both countries. Moreover, FWST exacerbates the direct relation of JI with WFC in the United States, but not in Italy. These findings suggest that the fear of losing one's job may prompt employee experiences of WFC and subsequent poorer physical and mental health; additionally, in the United States, this effect is even stronger among employees who reported higher levels of FWST. We interpret these heterogeneous findings in the light of nation-related factors in managing increasingly insecure employment markets, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed for improving both health and work–life boundary management of post-pandemic workers.

中文翻译：

---

工作不安全感和工作-家庭界面作为身心健康的预测因素：家庭-工作刻板印象威胁的调节作用

虽然越来越多的文献将工作不安全感 (JI) 的压力源与员工福祉不佳和工作与家庭冲突 (WFC) 增加联系起来，但当前的研究专门测试了工作与家庭冲突 (WFC) 作为情感 JI 之间关系的解释机制。 （即对工作威胁的情绪反应）和不良的健康结果（即精神和身体健康）。此外，本研究独特地探讨了家庭-工作刻板印象威胁（FWST；即担心确认对有家庭义务的工人的负面刻板印象）如何可能加剧工作感知威胁与 WFC 员工报告之间的关系。采用跨国设计，来自美国 707 名员工（两波）和意大利 100 个组织内的 763 名员工（多层次、横截面）的数据在很大程度上支持了假设的中介模型。具体而言，WFC 解释了 JI 与两国个人心理和身体健康的关联。此外，FWST 加剧了 JI 与美国 WFC 的直接关系，但在意大利却没有。这些发现表明，对失业的恐惧可能会导致员工体验 WFC 并随后导致身心健康状况恶化；此外，在美国，这种效应在 FWST 水平较高的员工中更为明显。我们根据管理日益不安全的就业市场的国家相关因素来解释这些异质的发现，特别是在 COVID-19 大流行之后。讨论了改善大流行后工人的健康和工作生活边界管理的理论和实践意义。