Approximately 6.8 million people die annually because of problems related to the central nervous system (CNS), and out of them, approximately 1 million people are affected by neurodegenerative diseases that include Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease. CNS problems are a primary concern because of the complexity of the brain. There are various drugs available to treat CNS disorders and overcome problems with toxicity, specificity, and delivery. Barriers like the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are a challenge, as they do not allow therapeutic drugs to cross and reach their target. Researchers have been searching for ways to allow drugs to pass through the BBB and reach the target sites. These problems highlight the need of nanotechnology to alter or manipulate various processes at the cellular level to achieve the desired attributes. Due to their nanosize, nanoparticles are able to pass through the BBB and are an effective alternative to drug administration and other approaches. Nanotechnology has the potential to improve treatment and diagnostic techniques for CNS disorders and facilitate effective drug transfer. With the aid of nanoengineering, drugs could be modified to perform functions like transference across the BBB, altering signaling pathways, targeting specific cells, effective gene transfer, and promoting regeneration and preservation of nerve cells. The involvement of a nanocarrier framework inside the delivery of several neurotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of neurological diseases is reviewed in this study.

中文翻译：

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基于纳米技术的药物输送用于治疗中枢神经系统疾病。

每年约有 680 万人死于中枢神经系统 (CNS) 相关问题，其中约 100 万人患有神经退行性疾病，包括阿尔茨海默病、多发性硬化症、癫痫和帕金森病。由于大脑的复杂性，中枢神经系统问题是首要关注的问题。有多种药物可用于治疗中枢神经系统疾病并克服毒性、特异性和递送问题。血脑屏障 (BBB) 等屏障是一个挑战，因为它们不允许治疗药物穿过并到达目标。研究人员一直在寻找让药物穿过血脑屏障并到达目标部位的方法。这些问题凸显了纳米技术需要在细胞水平上改变或操纵各种过程以实现所需的属性。由于其纳米尺寸，纳米颗粒能够穿过血脑屏障，是药物管理和其他方法的有效替代方案。纳米技术有潜力改善中枢神经系统疾病的治疗和诊断技术，并促进有效的药物转移。借助纳米工程，药物可以被修改以执行诸如跨血脑屏障转移、改变信号通路、靶向特定细胞、有效基因转移以及促进神经细胞再生和保存等功能。本研究回顾了纳米载体框架在用于治疗神经系统疾病的几种神经治疗药物的递送中的参与。