Due to its harmful effects on ecosystems and human health, microplastic (MP) pollution has become a significant environmental problem on a global scale. Although MPs' pollution path and toxic effects on marine habitats have been examined worldwide, the studies are limited to the rare biodiversity estuary region of Hatiya Island from the northern Bay of Bengal. This study aimed to investigate the MP pollution path and its influencing factors in estuarine sediments and water in rare biodiversity Hatiya Island in the northern Bay of Bengal. Sixty water and sediment samples were collected from 10 sampling sites on the Island and analyzed for MPs. The abundance of MPs in sediment ranged from 67 to 143 pieces/kg, while the abundance in water ranged from 24.34 to 59 pieces/m³. The average concentrations of MPs in sediment and water were 110.90 ± 20.62 pieces/kg and 38.77 ± 10.09 pieces/m³, respectively. Most identified MPs from sediment samples were transparent (51%), while about 54.1% of the identified MPs from water samples were colored. The fragment was the most common form of MP in both compartments, with a value of 64.6% in sediment samples and 60.6% in water samples. In sediment and water samples, almost 74% and 80% of MP were <0.5 mm, respectively. Polypropylene (PP) was the most abundant polymer type, accounting for 51% of all identified polymers. The contamination factor, pollution load index, polymer risk score, and pollution risk score values indicated that the study area was moderately polluted with MPs. The spatial distribution patterns and hotspots of MPs echoed profound human pathways. Based on the results, sustainable management strategies and intervention measures were proposed to reduce the pollution level in the ecologically diverse area. This study provides important insights into evaluating estuary ecosystem susceptibility and mitigation policies against persistent MP issues.

由于其对生态系统和人类健康的有害影响，微塑料（MP）污染已成为全球范围内的重大环境问题。尽管国会议员的污染路径和对海洋栖息地的毒性影响已在世界范围内进行了研究，但这些研究仅限于孟加拉湾北部哈蒂亚岛罕见的生物多样性河口地区。本研究旨在探讨孟加拉湾北部生物多样性稀有的哈蒂亚岛河口沉积物和水体中MP的污染路径及其影响因素。从岛上 10 个采样点采集了 60 个水和沉积物样本，并进行了 MP 分析。沉积物中MPs丰度为67～143个/kg，水中丰度为24.34～59个/m ³。沉积物和水中MPs的平均浓度分别为110.90±20.62个/kg和38.77±10.09个/m ³ 。沉积物样品中大多数已鉴定的 MP 是透明的 (51%)，而水样中约 54.1% 已鉴定的 MP 是有色的。该碎片是两个隔室中最常见的 MP 形式，沉积物样品中的值为 64.6%，水样品中的值为 60.6%。在沉积物和水样中，几乎 74% 和 80% 的 MP 分别小于 0.5 毫米。聚丙烯 (PP) 是最丰富的聚合物类型，占所有已识别聚合物的 51%。污染因子、污染负荷指数、聚合物风险评分和污染风险评分值表明研究区受到MPs中度污染。国会议员的空间分布格局和热点，呼应着深刻的人类路径。根据结果​​，提出了可持续管理策略和干预措施，以降低生态多样化地区的污染水平。这项研究为评估河口生态系统的敏感性和针对持续的MP问题的缓解政策提供了重要的见解。