Background. This is the first systematic review of the relationship between humeral shaft fractures and radial nerve palsy in children. The present comprehensive review is aimed at identifying important clinical findings between humeral diaphysis fractures and radial nerve injuries and assessing the effects of treatment. Methods. We searched electronic bibliographic databases, including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge, until March 2022. This systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the patients, interventions, comparisons, outcomes guidelines. Results. We identified 23 original papers, of which 10 were eligible for further analysis. Cases of 32 young patients with radial nerve palsy were identified and analyzed. The prevalence of radial nerve palsy was 4.34% (eight cases out of 184 patients with humeral shaft fractures). The radial nerve was most often associated with a simple transverse fracture (12A3, 17 cases (65.4%)). Conclusions. Radial nerve injury in humeral shaft fractures in children is rare, with a frequency of 4.34%. We highly recommend early surgical nerve exploration with transverse fractures in the distal third segment combined with primary radial palsy. Furthermore, we recommend making thoughtful decisions regarding early nerve exploration in the Holstein–Lewis fractures. In addition, consideration of early surgical nerve exploration in fractures resulting from high-energy trauma and open fractures despite their morphology is recommended.

中文翻译：

---

儿童桡神经麻痹与肱骨干骨折相关

背景。这是对儿童肱骨干骨折与桡神经麻痹之间关系的首次系统评价。本综合综述旨在确定肱骨干骨折和桡神经损伤之间的重要临床发现，并评估治疗效果。方法。我们检索了电子书目数据库，包括 PubMed、Cochrane 图书馆、Scopus 和 Web of Knowledge，直至 2022 年 3 月。这项系统评价是根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目以及患者、干预措施、比较、结果指南。结果。我们确定了 23 篇原始论文，其中 10 篇符合进一步分析的条件。对 32 例年轻桡神经麻痹患者的病例进行了识别和分析。桡神经麻痹患病率为4.34%（184例肱骨干骨折患者中8例）。桡神经最常伴有简单的横向骨折（12A3，17 例（65.4%））。结论。儿童肱骨干骨折导致桡神经损伤的情况很少见，发生率为4.34%。我们强烈建议对远端第三节段横向骨折合并原发性桡麻痹进行早期手术神经探查。此外，我们建议对荷斯坦-刘易斯骨折的早期神经探查做出深思熟虑的决定。此外，建议考虑对高能量创伤和开放性骨折引起的骨折进行早期手术神经探查，尽管其形态不同。