The thermal structure of subduction zones is fundamental to our understanding of the physical and chemical processes that occur at active convergent plate margins. These include magma generation and related arc volcanism, shallow and deep seismicity, and metamorphic reactions that can release fluids. Computational models can predict the thermal structure to great numerical precision when models are fully described but this does not guarantee accuracy or applicability. In a trio of companion papers, the construction of thermal subduction zone models, their use in subduction zone studies, and their link to geophysical and geochemical observations are explored. In this part II, the finite element techniques that can be used to predict thermal structure are discussed in an introductory fashion along with their verification and validation.

Steady-state thermal structure for the updated subduction zone benchmark. a) Temperature predicted by TF for case 1; b) temperature difference between TF and Sepran using the penalty function (PF) method for case 1 at f_m=1 where f_m represents the smallest element sizes in the finite element grids near the coupling point; c) slab top temperature comparison for case 1; and d)–f) as a)–c) but now for case 2. The star indicates the position or temperature conditions at the coupling point.

俯冲带的热结构对于我们理解活跃聚合板块边缘发生的物理和化学过程至关重要。其中包括岩浆生成和相关的弧火山活动、浅层和深层地震活动以及可以释放流体的变质反应。当模型得到充分描述时，计算模型可以以很高的数值精度预测热结构，但这并不能保证准确性或适用性。在三篇配套论文中，探讨了热俯冲带模型的构建、它们在俯冲带研究中的应用以及它们与地球物理和地球化学观测的联系。在第二部分中，以介绍性的方式讨论可用于预测热结构的有限元技术及其验证和确认。

更新的俯冲带基准的稳态热结构。 a) TF 对情况 1 预测的温度； b) TF 和 Sepran 之间的温度差，使用情况 1 的罚函数 (PF) 方法，在 f _m =1 时，其中 f _m表示耦合点附近有限元网格中的最小单元尺寸； c) 情况1的板坯顶部温度比较； d)–f) 与 a)–c) 相同，但现在针对情况 2。星号表示耦合点的位置或温度条件。