Abstract

The science of telomeres and telomerase has made tremendous progress in recent decades. In this review, we consider it first in a historical context (the Carrel–Hayflick–Olovnikov–Blackburn chain of discoveries) and then review current knowledge on the telomere structure and dynamics in norm and pathology. Central to the review are consequences of the telomere shortening, including telomere position effects, DNA damage signaling, and increased genetic instability. Cell senescence and role of telomere length in its development are discussed separately. Therapeutic aspects and risks of telomere lengthening methods including use of telomerase and other approaches are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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奥洛夫尼科夫，端粒和端粒酶。可以延长健康寿命吗？

摘要

近几十年来，端粒和端粒酶科学取得了巨大进展。在这篇综述中，我们首先在历史背景下考虑它（卡雷尔-海弗利克-奥洛夫尼科夫-布莱克本的发现链），然后回顾当前关于端粒结构以及规范和病理学动态的知识。审查的核心是端粒缩短的后果，包括端粒位置效应、DNA 损伤信号传导和遗传不稳定性增加。细胞衰老以及端粒长度在其发育中的作用将单独讨论。还讨论了端粒延长方法（包括使用端粒酶和其他方法）的治疗方面和风险。